专业知识库（按学科 / 专业 / 课程）
按学科门类筛选，可继续下钻到具体专业与课程；内容为各课程复习要点，用于面谈与笔试备考。
management operation research
核心内容
管理运筹学概述 Overview of Management Operations Research 管理运筹学就是通过数学模型来安排物资，为决策者提供有依据的最优方案,以实现最有效的管理。 Management operations research is the use of mathematical models to arrange materials and provide good solutions to decision- makers 问题描述：例如某公司如何安排甲乙两种产品的 产量使该公司获利最大？根据题目中给出的数字 列出目标函数及若干约束条件建立线性规划模型。 Question description: For example, how does a company plan the production of two products, A and B, to maximize the company' s profits? According to the numbers given in the title, the function and some limit conditions to build a linear programming model. 线性规划和单纯形法 Linear programming and simplex Method 在此题目中就可以设甲产品产量为X1，乙产品产量为X2 In this question, we can set the output of product A as X1 and product B as X2 Simplex method based on model 管理运筹学 运输问题就是根据已有的交通网，制定调运方案，使总费用最小，从而提高经济效益。 The transportation problem is to change a transportation plan to minimize the cost 运输模型 transportation model 运输问题的数学描述为已知有m个产地每个产地的产量不同，将这类物资运往n个销地，每个销地 需求量也不同，每个产地到每个销地的运价也不同。 The amount and price of transportation from A to B will be given in the question This method is to have a solution first, and then see if the number of this solution is less than 0. If so, continue to adjust 存储论 inventory 5
参考：来源：management operation research.pdf｜专业：物流管理｜课程：management operation research
operation management
核心内容
There are two points to this part 运营管理概论 Meaning of Operations Management 运营管理为对提供产品或服务的运营系统进行规划、设计、组织与控制 Operations management is the planning and control of operational systems that provide goods or services 运营能力举例：餐厅的运营能力就是最大就餐人数、工厂的运营能力就是最大生产数量 for Example ：The operational capacity of a restaurant is the maximum number of diners 超前策略 Leading strategy 在需求来临前建立或改变运营能力，适合技术型 企业 build or change operational capabilities before demand coming There are three points to this part 运营能力规划 Operational Capacity Planning 构建或改变运营能力的策略 Strategies for building or changing operational capabilities 滞后策略 Lag strategy 在需求来临后建立或改变运营能力，适合劳动型 企业 build or change operational capabilities after demand coming 同步策略 at the same time strategy 与需求同步建立或改变运营能力能力 build or change operational capabilities with requirements at the same time 运营管理 Operation Management This class has three parts 运营系统的规划 Planning operational systems 外部能力的利用 use external ability 影响选址的因素 Factors affecting site selection 选址规划 location planning 举例：苹果公司就把富士康作为长期合作的生产 外包制造商 对一些昂贵的医疗设备，可以由几家医院共享使用 For example, Apple has identified Foxconn as a long-term production outsourcing maker 劳动力是否充足、是否靠近原材料供应地、交通 设施是否便利、是否能为员工提供良好的生活环境、此地区是否有优惠政策，客流量大小、竞争对手的位置 whether the transportation facilities are convenient, whether there are good policies in this area,, and the location of competitors 举例：一个仓储中心要给三家卖衣服店送货。进行仓储中心的选址规划。 1先绘制三家卖衣服店的相对位置的地图，标
参考：来源：operation management.pdf｜专业：物流管理｜课程：operation management
procurement management
核心内容
企业根据需求提出采购计划、审核计划、选好供应商、通过商务谈判确定价格和交货条件，最终 签订合同并按要求收货付款的过程。 The company have a procurement plan based on the demand, then choose supplier, and discuss the price, and finally pay money this process is the procurement 采购计划是在何时购入多少何种材料的一种预先 安排。 Procurement planning is a prearrangement of how much and what materials to buy and when to buy 采购概述Procurement Overview 采购计划procurement planning 采购管理 采购计划的编制 How to Prepare procurement plan 明确销售计划 Clear sales plan 先统计出销售产品的类别，预估各类产品的销售量算出详细的物料使用量 First, calculate the kind of products sold, estimate the sales number of each type of product, and calculate the material usage 明确生产计划 Clear production plan 明确所需物料的类别，数量，规格型号等，明确 采购物料到货日期 Clarify the kind ，number, specifications, and models of the required materials, and specify the arrival date of the materials 根据销售计划和生产计划，确认详细的采购内容，依据采购内容做出采购预算 Confirm detailed procurement content based on sales and production plans, make procurement budgets based on procurement content 制定采购计划 Develop procurement plan 后续跟踪 Follow-up 采购合同 procurement contract 10 供应商管理Supplier management 国际采购international procurement 12 供应商的选择 Supplier selection 商品质量合适，成本低，交货及时，整体服务水平好，有履行合同的承诺与能力。 The quality of the goods is appropriate, the cost is low, the delivery is timely, the overall service level is good, and there is a commitment and ability to fulfill the contract. 如何找到供应商 合作伙伴介绍 行业网站 线下展会 相关的专业杂志 Partner Introduction Industry Website
参考：来源：procurement management.pdf｜专业：物流管理｜课程：procurement management
retail management
核心内容
零售管理概述 Overview of Retail Management 零售是针对最终消费者的活动，它通过向消费者出售个人及家庭使用的产品和服务来创造 价值。零售包括在商店里出售商品，也包括提供 服务，如在旅馆中的住宿，医院进行的体检。还有很多零售是以无店铺的形式实现的，例如，当 当网 在网上销售图书等。 零售企业是向消费者出售供其个人或家庭 使用的产品和服务的企业。 零售管理保证零售企业正常运行与发展而 开展的活动 制定零售战略 make retail strategy 1 零售店址规划 Retail store location planning 零售企业在选择具体的店址时应该考虑以下几个 方面的因素。 Retail enterprises should consider the following factors when selecting specific store locations. Retail management is an activity to ensure the normal operation and development of retail company 1经营商品的种类 1. Types of business products 2所经营商店的位置 2 locations of stores 3所选地区的客流量 客流量是决定一个零售店能否成功的关键因素。 Customer flow in the area 4所选区域的交通条件 4 Traffic conditions in the area 零售管理 零售商品的采购与策略 Procurement and Strategy of Retail Goods 采购procure 1. Confirm the demand. Determine which materials to buy, how much to buy, 3. Choose a supplier. Select long-term cooperative suppliers or search for new suppliers. 4 discusses prices. 5. tracking order 1确认需求。在采购前确定买哪些物料，买多少合适买，由谁决定等 2需求说明。对品质包装，售后服务，运输及检验方式等加以说明。 3选择供应商。选择长期合作的厂商通知其报价 或进行寻找新的供应商。 4商议价格。 5订单安排与追踪。 商品策略goods Strategy 1完善主力产品辅助商品关联商品。主力产品要占 商品构成的绝大部分辅助商品有关联商品的比重 应少一些 2完善高中低档产品的比例。面向不同的消费者 高中低档产品的比例应不同。 3新产品的引入。零售企业应引入新产品，提高 顾客新鲜感。 4滞销商品的淘汰。零售企业在淘汰滞销品时一定要认真分析商品滞销的原因 5畅销商品的培养。企业要不断挖掘和培养自己的畅销产品，它对消费者有吸引力。 1. Improve the main goods and related goods. 3.Have new goods. 4. reduce unsold goods. 5.develop best-selling goods.. 零售商品的展示和促销
参考：来源：retail management.pdf｜专业：物流管理｜课程：retail management
service market ing
核心内容
服务营销概述 Overview of Service Marketing 服务中的消费者行为 Consumer behavior in services 服务营销是企业在充分认识满足消费者需求的前提下，为充分满足消费者需要在营销过程中所采取的一系列活动。 Service marketing is a series of activities taken by companies in the marketing process to meet the needs of consumers. 产品或服务的搜寻、体验 Search and experience of products or services 1 消费者选择 Consumer choice 1 顾客体验 Customer Experience 例如星巴克的体验营销 For example, Starbucks' experiential marketing 购后评价 post-purchase evaluation 2 星巴克让所有喜欢星巴克的人都能感受到美味的咖啡，且使顾客与员工们产生良好的互动。 Starbucks makes great coffee to all people who love it, and makes a good relationship between the customer and workers. 改成海底捞 服务营销 建立与维持顾客关系 building and maintaining customer relationships 构建顾客关系 building customer relationships 如何用关系营销来构建顾客关系？ 着眼于顾客的保持 连贯的顾客联络 重视顾客服务 长期销售 对满足顾客预期作高度承诺 质量是所有员工关心的问题 pay attention to customer service Long term sales good Quality 如何维持顾客关系 How to maintain customer relationships 建立社会联系 building social connections 服务为什么要设计 Why should services be designed 1 ➡ ➡ ➡ ➡ 假如你卖包，就时不时的联系客户给她推荐一些 她可能会买的包 If you sell bags, you should contact customers sometime to recommend some bags they may buy ➡ ➡ ➡ 食品柜台 例如一家自助餐厅的服务过程，就是顾客从开胃 菜柜台 甜食柜台 台 如果顾客在哪个柜台等待时间较长，那么这个柜台就是瓶颈。 收银台 饮料柜 ➡ ➡ ➡ For example, the service process of a self- service restaurant is customers entering the vegetable counter snack counter If customers wait at what counter for a long time, then that counter is the question ➡
参考：来源：service market ing.pdf｜专业：物流管理｜课程：service market ing
工程图学（英文要点·大一大二）
核心内容
Basic Concepts:
In this course ,I mainly learned projection method ,three views, drawing of standard parts. And I can use Auto CAD,Auto inventor and Solidworks to draw or model parts.
Explanation of Concepts:
Projection methods:
There are two projection methods. They are central projection method (中心投影)and parallel projection method(平行投影). As for the parallel projection method,there are two kinds of it. One is orthographic projection method (正投影)and another is oblique projection method(斜投影).
The projection rays of central projection method are all come from one point above the workpiece.
The projection rays of parallel projection method are all parallel. As for the orthographic projection, the rays are vertical to the projection plane. But as for the oblique projection method, the projection rays are not vertical to the plane.
The drawing of standard parts:
In this part, i mainly learned about how to draw the bolt connection (螺栓连接)，the threaded connection(螺纹连接), and the expression of the gear.
The bolt connection The threaded connection
We can know how to draw the bolt connection and the threaded connection through the pictures. There is one key point we need to pay attention, in the picture 2 ,we can see the minor diameter of the bolt and the major diameter of the connceted part are used fine line, as for the major diameter of the bolt and the minor diameter of the connected part are used heavy line. So we can remember it as what we can touch using heavy line and we can not touch using fine line. But when the bolt is connected with the part with the threaded connection ,the heavy line is the major diameter of the bolt.
When we only draw a gear, we don’t have to draw the teech of it ,there are some simplified representation of it ,just like above picture. The addendum circle(齿顶圆) is using heavy line. The pitch circle (分度圆)is using dot dash line(点划线). The dedendum circle（齿根圆） is using fine line.
This is the expression of the meshing gears.
The pitch circle of two gears are tangent, and we don’t need to draw the dedendum circle.
And the addendum circle in the messing area is not need to express too.
（齿轮啮合区域两齿轮的分度圆相切，齿顶圆在啮合区域的部分不用表示。）
Drawing Software:
As for the drawing software ,they are very useful and convenient . We can use Auto CAD to draw two-dimensional diagram. And use inventor and Solidworks to build the three-dimensional model. And with the help of Solidworks,we can assemble the parts we built together into a mechanism. And of course ,we can get two-dimensional diagram from the three-dimensional model conveniently,if we use the software.
参考：来源：大一大二资料（英文.doc｜专业：机械工程｜课程：工程图学
social investigation and practice
核心内容
题目topic 社区团购模式调查与分析 Investigation and Analysis of Community Group Buying Models Community people create a group in WeChat, and then they buy things together so that they can buy things cheaper 实践目的Practical Purpose 近期，社区团购模式在移动平台上发展迅猛，基于社区团购的发展现状，分析该模式的优势和存在问题 Based on the development of community group buying, analyze the advantages and problems of this model 实践内容及过程 Practical process 在暑假，我利用给居民发问卷和上网调查的方式，得出居民对社区团购的接受程度，社区团购的优点和缺点 During the summer, I used questionnaires to people and online research to get the people‘s acceptance of community group buying, the advantages and disadvantages of community group buying 在我的调查结果中，98%的居民已经参与了社区团购，社区团购已经成功打入居民的内部，并且 越来越多的居民正在加入社区团购。 In my survey results, more and more residents are joining community group buying. 社会实践报告 实践结果 practical results 社区团购的优势 1获客成本低购买方式简单 2产品质量好，高性价比 3物流成本低 The advantages of community group buying 1. Low cost of obtain customer and simple buying method 3. Low logistics costs 子主题 2 社区团购存在的问题 1社区团购只能满足部分顾客的需求 2 若货品提供方出现问题，团购团长不具备解决 能力或相关权利，严重的话会导致群体解散 Problems in community group buying 1. Community group buying not can meet of all customers need 实践体会 Practical Experience 未来 消费渠道和消费形态会越来越多样化。消费者可以通过外卖、社交电商，、团购，小程序等进行 消费 in the future Consumption channels and forms will become diverse. People can buying through takeout, social e-commerce, group buying, and more
参考：来源：social investigation and practice.pdf｜专业：物流管理｜课程：social investigation and practice
工程化学（英文要点·大一大二）
核心内容
Basic Concepts:
In this course, i mainly learned about theory of acid and alkali, redox reaction and the crystal structure of the materials.
Explanation of Concepts:
The theory of acid and alkali：
The matter ionizes(电离) in the water solution （水环境）,which produces positive ions and the ions are all H+（hydrogen ion氢离子）,then the matter called acid.
The matter ionizes in the water solution, which produces negative ions and the negative ions are all OH-（hydroxide ion氢氧根离子）, then the matter caled alkali.
The theory of acid and alkali illustrates that if put one kind of material in water solution, then the material will ionize, if all the positive ions are hydrogen ions，then the material is acid. If all the negative ions are all hydroxide ions ,then the material is alkali.
Redox Reaction(氧化还原反应):
If there is some change of the valence（化合价） of elements in the reaction ,then the reaction is called redox reaction.
The essence of the redox reaction is the electron gain and loss.
H2+Cl2=2HCl (chlorine hydride氯化氢)
In above reaction,each hydrogen ion loses one electron and each chlorine ion gains one electron.
CuSO4+Zn=ZnSO4+Cu
In above reaction, the cupric sulfate(硫酸铜) react with the zinc（锌） produce the zinc sulfate（硫酸锌） and the copper（铜）.
The valence in the sulfate radical(硫酸根) are not changed,so we can ignore the sulfate radical ions,and rewrite the chemical equation(化学方程式),like this:
The cupric ions react with the zinc get the zinc ions and the copper.
Then we can divide the equation into two part:
The cupric ion gain two electrons becoming the copper.
The zinc loses two electrons becoming the zinc ion.
The matter gaining electrons called oxidant (比如Cu2+,氧化剂), then what it becomes into called reduzate（比如Cu,还原产物）。Then we can call the process， that the oxidant gains electrons becoming into reduzate， reduction reaction. And the oxidant is reducted.
The matter losing electrons called reducting agent(比如Zn,还原剂)，then what it becomes into called oxidative product(比如Zn2+,氧化产物). Then we can call the process ，that the reducting agent loses electrons becoming into oxidative product ，oxidation reaction. And the reducting agent is oxidated.
Crystal Structure of materials:
This part is about the crystal structure of materials.
There are mainly three kinds of structure of the crystal:
The body-centeral cubic structure(体心立方晶胞): the average count of the atoms in each crystal cell of this kind structure is 8*1/8+1=2, and the minimum distance of the atoms is .
Such as 钾kalium 钠natrium 铁ferrum.
The face-centeral cubic structure（面心立方晶胞）: the average count of the atoms in each crystal cell of this kind structure is 8*1/8+6*1/2=4,and the minimum distance of the atoms is .
Such as 铜cuprum 金aurum 银silver.
The hexagonal closed packed structure(六方密堆晶胞):the average count of the atoms in each crystal cell of this kind structure is 12*1/6+1/2*2+3=6, and the minimum distance of the atoms is EMBED Equation.KSEE3 .
Such as 镁magnesium 锌zinc 钛titanium.
The paraffin wax (石蜡)and glass（玻璃） are non crystal.
We can identify the crystal and non crystal by the melting process. The crystal has melting point . When the crystal melts, it will melt when the temperature of it get the melting point. But the non crystal has no melting point. When the non crystal melts, it will be softer with the increasing of the temperature until it become into liquid. The atom arrangement in crystal is regularly, but it is not regularly in non-crystal.
参考：来源：大一大二资料（英文.doc｜专业：机械工程｜课程：工程化学
strategic management
核心内容
战略管理导论 overview of Strategic Management 战略管理内涵：回答企业的使命和目标，企业做什么，企业如何选择业务，企业如何健康发展， 企业为谁创造价值等问题 answering questions such as what the company does, how the company chooses its business, how the company develops 外部环境分析 External Environment Analysis 政府对企业的干预，经济发展水平，生活方式， 新设备的发明，空气污染 Government intervention in companys, economic development level, rival analysis 内部环境分析 internal environment analysis 厂房设备的大小和位置，专利版权，企业在政府、合作伙伴中的声誉，员工培训等 The size and location of factory equipment, reputation of the company in the government and partners, worker training 战略管理 战略目标 strategic goal 是指企业在一定时期内沿其经营方向所预期达到 的理想成果。 It refers to the results that an company want to achieve with a period of time. 例如，未来五年产品销售量要达到30万，未来五 年要增加30名新员工 For example, product sales to reach 200,00 in the next five years and 20 new worker to be added in the next five years 公司总体战略 strategy of the company 产品开发战略 Product development strategy 实施策略 ● 创新产品 ● 发明产品 Invent new products 多元化战略 Diversification strategy 举例 小米不仅卖手机，还卖家具 Example Xiaomi not only sells phones, but also sells furniture 购并战略 Merger strategy “青岛啤酒”收购五星啤酒、云湖啤酒、汉斯啤酒 等，购并总数达到30余家 Qingdao Beer has take over more than 30 companies including Five Star Beer, Yunhu Beer, Hans Beer, etc 国际化战略 international strategy 例如顺丰对嘉里物流进行收购并快速打开东南亚 市场 For example, SF Express take over Kerry Logistics and quickly opened up the Southeast Asian market
参考：来源：strategic management.pdf｜专业：物流管理｜课程：strategic management
高等数学（英文要点·大一大二）
核心内容
Basic Concepts:
In this course , I mainly learned about the derivation(导数),differential(微分), definite integral(定积分) and indefinite integral(不定积分).
Explanation of Concepts:
Derivation :
The dirvative of one point of the function is the slope of the point of the function. For example,
F(x)=2x^2+1; the dirvative of F(x) is F’(x)=4x
so when we want to know the slope of one point on the function, we just have to bring the abscissa（横坐标） of the point in to the F’(x).
And in this part, I learned how to get the dirvative of some complex function,
for example,
Differential:
The differential is very similar to the derivation. We just have move the dx to the right of the equality sign. And the derivation becomes into the differential.
Definite integral:
The definite integral is for finding the area between the function f（x）and the abscissa axis(横坐标轴) in the interval [a,b].
Indefinite integral:
In indefinite integral , the original function is
not definite ,because of the constant unknowns.
参考：来源：大一大二资料（英文.doc｜专业：机械工程｜课程：高等数学
理论力学（英文要点·大一大二）
核心内容
Basic Concepts:
This course includes three parts: statics(静力学),kinematics(运动学), dynamics(动力学).
Explanation of Concepts:
Statics:
Hooke principle: in the range of the elastic deformation, the change length is proportionate to the force acting on the object.
F=-Kx K is the modulus of elasticity. x is the deformation length.
In the statics part, i mainly learned about the three forces balance concurrent theorem(三力共点平衡原理). And the force analysis which is based on the theorem.
Three forces balance concurrent theorem: there are three forces acting on one rigid body(刚体), and they balance each other, if two active lines of forces intersect, then these three forces are in the same plane and the active line of the third force pass through the point of concurrent.
Because we can regard any two of the three forces as a whole, then we can find out the join force of them, then the active point of the join force must be the concurrent of the two force. The rigid body is in the balance state, so the third force must be balance with the join force of the two forces. So the active line of the third force must be the same as the join force, and they are equal and opposite.
In left picture, in the structure, AB is a beam(横梁), CD is a pole(杆), A,C,D is hinges(铰链), the length of AC is equal to the length of BC(AC=BC), the angle ACD is 45 degree(∠ACD=45°), the F is ten thousand newton(F=10kn), and acts on the point B . Ignore the gravity of the beam and pole. So ask the force acting on the point A and on CD pole.
First , we discuss about the CD pole. There are two only two force acting on it and the two forces are along the direction of CD, and they are equal and opposite.
Then we discuss about the beam AB. There are three forces acting on it. One is the F, one is from the pole CD and the last one is the force acting on point A, and these three forces are at balance state. According to the three forces balance concurrent theorem, we can know their active lines through the same point, and we know that AC=BC, so we can find out the θ, then we know the F=10kN, so we can know the FA, then the FC can be found. As for the F’C, the F’C and FC are the force and counter force(作用力和反作用力), they are equal and opposite. Then the FD is known.
Above is one of the application of the three forces balance concurrent theorem.
Kinematics:
When we learn the movement of objects, for expressing the movement, we usually choose several reference system(参考系), usually we call the coordinate system (坐标系), which is fixed on the earth, the fixed reference system（定参考系）. And other reference systems ,which are moving on the earth, are called moving reference system.
Velocity(速度)：the velocity of point ,which is based on the fixed reference system ,is called absolute velocity(绝对速度). Based on the moving reference system is called relative velocity（相对速度). The velocity of moving reference system which is based on the fixed refenence system is called following velocity(牵连速度).
So the composite motion of points is that at one time , the absolute velocity is the vector sum(矢量和) of the relative velocity and the following velocity.
For example,if you jump on a running train,
The velocity of your jumping is the relative velocity. The velocity of the train is the following velocity. And the vector sum of the relative velocity and the following velocity is the absolute velocity.
As for the accelerated velocity, the method of calculation of it is the same.
Dynamics:
In this part , the key point is the theorem of kinetic energy(动能定理) in dynamics.
First, this part is based on the energy conservation principle(能量守恒原则)，then we know that the force is the reason that the object change its motion state, in this process, the energy of the object is changing ,too. So the theorem of kinetic energy is used for finding the changing energy or finding the velocity after or before the energy changing.
The formula is
The W12 is the work of the force acting on the object. The V1 is the velocity before energy changing, and the V2 is the velocity after energy changing.
It is a link which connects the energy and the velocity of the object.
参考：来源：大一大二资料（英文.doc｜专业：机械工程｜课程：理论力学
材料力学（英文要点·大一大二）
核心内容
Basic Concepts:
In this course i learned the pole axial tensile and compression deformation(杆的轴向拉伸与压缩), pole torsion deformation(杆的扭转变形), pole shear deformation(杆的剪切变形) and pole bending deformation(杆的弯曲变形).
Explanation of Concepts:
In this course we don’t regard the objects as rigid body, instead, we think all the objects can deform when they bear different kinds of force.
There are four forms of pole deformation: pole axial tensile and compression deformation(杆的轴向拉伸与压缩), pole torsion deformation(杆的扭转变形), pole shear deformation(杆的剪切变形) and pole bending deformation(杆的弯曲变形).
Pole axial tensile and compression deformation:
When the pole bear force which is along the direction of the axial of the pole, the pole will be compressed or stretched.
In this part i can draw axial force diagram in this chapter. For example,there is a pole like following,
We make it into 3 parts 1-1,2-2,3-3, then we discuss the pole separtately.
Because every part of the pole is in the balance state, so we can get:
It rules that the compression force(压力) is negative and the tensile force（拉力）is positive. So the axial force diagram is
Pole torsion:
In this chapter, i can draw torque diagram of a pole. For example , as the picture, the input power of driving wheel A is 36kW, the output power of the driven wheel B, C, D is PB=PC=11kW, PD=14kW, the rotate speed of the axle is n=300 r/min(300 rotates pear minute).
First we should calculate the torsion couple on each wheel,
The system is in balance, then we make it into three sections, we choose the B→D direction is the forward direction. Look against the forward direction, if the direction of torsion is clockwise, it is negative , if it is not, it’s positive.
T1=-350Nm T2=-700Nm T3=446Nm
So we can get the torque diagram.
Pole shear deformation and bending deformation:
I learned to draw the shear force diagram(剪力图) and bending moment diagram(弯矩图) in this chapter.
For example , there is a beam, and there is uniform load on it. The length of the beam is l.
First we need to know the force on point A and point B.
FA=FB=ql/2
Then we suppose the shearing force on the cross section is downward, and the shearing force FQ which is why the pole ,which is from the A to the acting point of FQ, in balance, so we can get the formula:
FQ=FA-F=ql/2-qx
So according to the formula, we can get the shearing forces of every points on the pole ,then we can get the shearing force diagram:
Then we suppose the bending moment is anticlockwise and it’s positive. We suppose the point ,which the FQ acting on ,is fixed. The point A is not fixed. Then we suppose at the acting point of FQ has a torque M making the left part of the acting point of FQ in balance, we call the M bending moment. Then we can get the formula of the M is: .
Then we can get the bending moment diagram,
参考：来源：大一大二资料（英文.doc｜专业：机械工程｜课程：材料力学
supply chain management
核心内容
➡ ➡ ➡ ➡ 供应链管理概述 Overview of Supply Chain Management 供应链概念Supply Chain Concept 采购把东西买进来，生产去加工增值， 物流去配送给客户，环环相扣，就形成了供应链。也是对从供应商到客户的产品流、信息流、 资金流的集成管理 The supply chain is a network of suppliers manufacturers distributors retailers customers Product flow: flow from suppliers to customers Capital flow: flow from customers to suppliers Information flow: two-way flow between customers and suppliers 供应链管理目标 goal of Supply Chain Management 是通过协调总成本最小化、客户服务最优化、总 库存最少化、总周期最短化和物流质量最优化等 目标之间的冲突，实现供应链绩效最大 The goal of supply chain management is to achieve lower total cost, make customer satisfaction , lower total inventory. 供应链设计的基本内容 Basic content of supply chain design ① 供应链成员和合作伙伴选择 ② 供应链网络设计。指供应链成员及其分布和成员间的相互关系。 ④ 供应链运行基本规则。供应链上节点企业之间的合作是以信任为基础的且拥有一个共同的平台来共享信息。 ① choosing supply chain members and partners ② design Supply chain network. relationships between members. ④ make Basic rules for supply chain operation. The company in the supply chain need have same management rules and a common platform to share information. 供应链的设计 Design of supply chain 产品的供应链设计步骤 Supply chain design steps ①分析产品需求 ②分析企业现状（现有供应链分析） ④建立供应链设计的目标，比较新旧供应链 ⑤分析供应链的组成 ⑧设计供应链 2 举例：笔的供应链设计 Example: Supply chain design for pens ①分析顾客需要什么类型的笔 ②分析公司现有供应链是否可以满足供应这类笔 ③若不行，寻找新的供应商和零售商 ① Analyze what type of pen customers need ② Analyze whether the company's existing supply chain can meet the supply of pen ③ If not, find new suppliers and retailers 问
参考：来源：supply chain management.pdf｜专业：物流管理｜课程：supply chain management
线性代数（英文要点·大一大二）
核心内容
Basic Concepts:
In this course, I mainly learned about the calculation of the determinant(行列式) and the matrix（矩阵） .
Explanation of Concepts:
The calculation of the determinant:
For example:
Above are the formula, and we should remember it.
If the order(阶数) of the determinant is higher then three, then we should make the order become lower until it is three,then we can calculate. For example,
The calculation of the matrix:
There are three main calculation of the matrix: addition of the matrix, subtraction（减法）of the matrix and the multiplication of the matrix.
As for the addition and the subtraction, they only exist between the calculations of the same type of the matrices. For example:
But the multiplication of the matrix exists between the different types of the matrices. For example:
The result is a three rows three columns matrix.
参考：来源：大一大二资料（英文.doc｜专业：机械工程｜课程：线性代数
transportation management
核心内容
公路运输road transport 公路运输特点Characteristics of Highway Transportation 优点 1灵活机动，可以实现 “门到门”的直达运输 2在运输过程中，换装环节少，运输速度快 advantage 1. Flexible and mobile, enabling direct transportation from door to door 2，speed is fast 缺点 1运量较小 2效率低;长途汽车 3运输成本较高，能耗大 4环境污染严重，如噪音、废气等 shortcoming 2. Low efficiency; 3. High transportation costs and high energy consumption 4. cause air pollution 管道运输Pipeline transportation 管道运输特点Pipeline transportation characteristics 优点 (cid:0) 连续性强 (cid:0) 损耗小 (cid:0) 运输安全 (cid:0) 建设投资省、占地面积少 advantage Transportation safety small construction investment 缺点 ①管道运输是一个单向的 封闭输送系统，灵活性 差 ②为了进行连续输送，需要在各中间站建立储存 库和加压站，以促进管道运输的畅通 shortcoming ① Pipeline transportation is a one-way closed transportation system with poor flexibility 优点 (cid:0) 运量大 (cid:0) 速度快 (cid:0) 可靠性高 (cid:0) 连续性强 (cid:0) 远距离运输费用低 (cid:0) 一般不受气候因素的影响等 特点 advantage Fast speed Low long-distance transportation costs Generally not affected by climate factors, 缺点 ①受线路、货站限制，不够灵活机动 ②受运行时刻、配车、编列或中途编组等因素的影响，不能适应用户的 紧急需要 ③近距离运输，其运输费用也较高。 shortcoming ① Limited by routes and freight stations, not flexible enough ③ Short distance transportation also incurs higher transportation costs. 铁路运输railway transportation 一批货物的重量、体积、性质或形状需要一辆或一辆以上铁路货车装运The weight, volume, nature, or shape of a batch of goods requires one or more railway trucks to be loaded 整车运输Truck Load 需要冷藏、保温的性质的货物、危险货物和易污染其他货物的物品需要按整车运输 dangerous goods, and items that are easily pollute
参考：来源：transportation management.pdf｜专业：物流管理｜课程：transportation management