专业知识库（按学科 / 专业 / 课程）
按学科门类筛选，可继续下钻到具体专业与课程；内容为各课程复习要点，用于面谈与笔试备考。
工程热力学（英文要点·复习资料）
核心内容
focus more on the basic theory
1. Zeroth law
if two system are each in thermal equilibrium with a third, they are also in thermal equilibrium
with each other. based this law, we can measure the temperature.
2. First law
the internal energy of an isolated system is constant. energy can be transformed but cannot be
created or destoryed. so without input energy machine won’t produce work.
3. Second law
the conversion of heat into useful work without and side effect is impossible. it describes the
direction of the heat transfer.
4. Carnot cycle
T1=T2=Thigh T3=T4=Tlow
Isebtropic process: there is no heat exchange between the system and the surroundings
Idothermal process: the heat and volume is changed, while the tempurature remains the same.
S-entropy: a measure of the unavailable energy in a closed thermodynamic system that is also
usually considered to be a measure of the system's disorder.
·Carnot heat engine
Process
Change
in
Internal Energy
Work
Interaction
Heat
Interaction
Process
1-2
CV(T2-T1)
CV(T1-T2)
0
absorb heat; volume expand
doing
work
on
the
surroundings
Process
2-3
0
RTB ln(V3/V2)
RTB ln(V3/V2)
no heat change between
system and surrondings
adiabatic expansion,
decrese temperature
Process
3-4
CV(T4-T3)
CV(T3-T4)
0
surroundings do work on the
system, heat to be released
temperature ramain
Process
4-1
0
RTAln(V1/V4)
RTA ln(V1/V4)
No heat exchange occurs
Adiabatic compression
raise temperature
·heat pump
engineering thermodynamics and heat transfer
how to calculate and solve the actual problem
1. thermal conduction
the transfer of heat by movement of microscopic particles within a bodt or objects in touch. heat
spontaneously flows from a hotter to a colder body.(without external influence)
Example: the wall of a house
formula
2. thermal convection
the transfer of heat from one place to another by the movement of fluids, usually liquids and
gases.
Example: electrical fan in summer
3. thermal radiation
process by which energy, in the form of electromagnetic radiation, is emitted by a heated surface
in all directions.
thermal radiation does not require an intervening medium to carry it.
all matter with a temperature greater then absolute 0 emits thermal radiation.
· black body: absorbs all the radiation and radiates. a ball with a small hole can be considered as
a black body.
Example: The heating of the Earth by the Sun is an example of transfer of energy by radiation.
Heating in winter
参考：来源：aps复习资料.rar / up自己一点点整理的复习资料.pdf｜专业：机械工程｜课程：工程热力学
液压与气压传动（英文要点·复习资料）
核心内容
Mainly about hydraulic transmission, but at first we learned a little about hydromechanics
1. Hydrostatics
The pressure at all points in the same horizontal plane is the same.
2. Hydrodynamics
·The continuity equation Q=Av=constant
·Bernoulli equatoin
Bernouli principle: an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs with a decrease in pressure or in the
fluid’s potential energy.
It is valid only for incompressible flow.
·the momentum equation
According to the Newton’s second low, any change in momentum of fluid will be due to the
action of external forces acting on the fluid.
)
(
1
1
2
2
v
v
Q
F
−
=
β is correction factor of momentum, for laminar flow is 1.33, for turbulent flow is 1.
Q=vA
3. Laminar and turbulent flow
Reynolds number: the ratio of inertial force to viscous forces.
Turbulent flow: occurs at high Reynolds numbers and is dominated by inertial forces, which tend
to produce flow instabilities.
Laminar flow: occurs at low Reynolds numbers and is dominated by viscous forces. The character
of laminar flow is smooth, constant fluid motion.
4. head loss
It is usually measured in metres head of the fluid
·Overall head loss in a pipe is affected by a number of factors which include the viscosity of the
fluid, the size of the internal pipe diameter, the internal roughness of the inner surface of the
pipe, the change in elevation between the ends of the pipe and the length of the pipe along
which the fluid travels.
Normally we use this formula to calculate head loss in a circular tube for laminar flow:
where:
hf = head loss (m)
f = friction factor
L = length of pipe work (m)
d = inner diameter of pipe work (m)
v = velocity of fluid (m/s)
g = acceleration due to gravity (m/s²)
For laminar flow
·Local head loss
g
v
hj
2
2
=
the local loss coefficient, is related to Reynolds number and the local pipe shape.
5. Structure & working principle of hydraulic system
A typical hydraulic system is consist of hydraulic pump, cylinder/motor, many valves and other
auxiliary element for example, tank, piping, and pressure gage.
Hydraulic pump is a mechanical source of power the converts mechanical power into hydraulic
energy.
Hydraulic cylinder is a hydraulic actuator that is used to give a external work.
Hydraulic valves include flow control valves, pressure control valves, direction control valves
and so on, which are control components in a hydraulic system.
·pump
·cylinder
·Pilot operated check valve/ forward flow valve
·reversing valve
·pressure unloading valve & pressure reducing valve
参考：来源：aps复习资料.rar / up自己一点点整理的复习资料.pdf｜专业：机械工程｜课程：液压与气压传动
电工技术与电子技术基础（英文要点·复习资料）
核心内容
Analog circuit and basic of circuit analysis & digital circuit
1. Semiconductor device/ P-N junction/ Diodes
The application of diodes:
·a rectifier circuit to reserve the direction of the current.
·zener diodes are used as voltage-regulator diode. When the voltage is higer than the zener
voltage, the current will go through the diode to keep the voltage nearly constant but do not
damage the diode.
2. Transistor
Use two junctions betweeen two semiconductor types, n-type & p-type.
Consist of emitter, collector and base.
The characteristic diagram of transistor
·Commen-collector amplifier
The input and output signals are in the same phase, the gain is approximately 1, it means the
output changes in the same way with the input. So it is also called emitter follower. But the
power gain is much greater than 1, so it can significantly amplify the power of the circuit.
1
)
1(
+
+
=
=
L
E
E
i
o
i
R
R
R
I
I
A
And the input resistance is relative high and the output resistance
is really small(so when the load change, the change of output voltage will be very small).
i
B
B
i
R
R
R
R
//
//
2
1
=
It can be used as Buffer and isolation circuit.
3. Circuit analysis
kirchhoff’s current law and voltage law
KCL: at any junction in an circuit, the sum of currents flowing into that node is equal to the sum
of currents flowing out of that node.
KVL: the directed sum of the electrical potential differences/voltage around any closed network is
zero.
4. Logical relationships
5. Karnaugh map method --- K-map
reduced method of a Karnaugh map
6. Sequential logic circuit
As for sequential logic circuit, they should have the parts for memories of the former state. The
flip-flop has two steady states and can be used to store state information.
·RS flip-flop
R=1, set. S=1, reset.
·edge JK trigger
7. Decoder
3 to 8-line decoder
It takes 3 binary inputs and activates one of the eight outputs.
When the enable port is low, then input is invalid and all output is 0.
参考：来源：aps复习资料.rar / up自己一点点整理的复习资料.pdf｜专业：机械工程｜课程：电工技术与电子技术基础
微机原理及应用（英文要点·复习资料）
核心内容
1. Basic concept
Bit - a sigal binary digit, a “0” or a “1”
Byte - an eight- bit word
Word - 2 bytes
2. Von Neumann Architecture
The signal bus can only access one of the two classes of memory at a time.
Programm memory and data memory are in the same memory.
3. The representation of machine number
It’s mainly related to binary, hexadecimal and decimal.
The computer machine number has 3 methods to represent a binary signed number: true
code(-127,127), ones’ complement, two’s complement.
If we want to subtract 1 from 8, we can use two’s complement to computing, that is much easy.
When the highest bit of ture code is “1”, it means the number is negative.
The ones’ complement of positive number is itself, but for negative number, it inverts all bits
except signal bit.
The two’s complement of positive number is still itself, but for negative number, it plus 1.
Two’s complement to ture code: inverting and plus 1.
4. Software architecture of the 8086 micro-processor
·bus interface unit
Provides a full 16 bit data bus and 20 bit address bus. It is responsible for performing all external
bus operation.
·execution unit
Arithmetic logic unit + registers
Flag registers mark the state of the micro-processor / general purpose registers save the data
information.
·instruction system
Machine language: the only language that CPU can directly execute, written in machine code.
Assembly language
·Interrupt
An interrupt is a signal from a device attached to a computer or from a program within the
computer that requires the operating system to stop and figure out what to do next.
参考：来源：aps复习资料.rar / up自己一点点整理的复习资料.pdf｜专业：机械工程｜课程：微机原理及应用
单片机原理（英文要点·复习资料）
核心内容
Is a public selected course. For interest
In this course, the tutor introduced simply about the clock of microcontroller, the interrupt
system and the I/O port.
·clock
An instruction cycle is the basic operational process of a computer. It is the process by which a
computer take a program instruction from its memory, determines what actons the instruction
dicates, and carries out those actions. It normally consists of several machine cycles.
A machine cycle consists of several oscillator periods.
To invertigate our study situation, we should use a microcontrolloer to finish a mini project. My
task is to make a small traffic light, it will change the led, and the interval needs to be met with
the requirements. That use the knowledge of I/o port control, clock period and C language. When
I finish the program, I get 90. and I take the other technical project that I finished after class, it is
a smart car controlled by handphone using blue-tooth, and it can alsoautomatically tracking by
using a infrared sensor, also ultrasonic transducer help it to avoid barriers.
参考：来源：aps复习资料.rar / up自己一点点整理的复习资料.pdf｜专业：机械工程｜课程：单片机原理
机械工程导论（英文要点·复习资料）
核心内容
Lectures about the introduction of machanical engineering.
In my major, we have several different directions, for example, Electromechanical, Material
forming and processing, Industrial system engineering and Mechanical manufacture.
So different Tutors and proferssors from their research field give us presentation about the latest
technology and the overview of these directions, so that we can choose our direction better.
参考：来源：aps复习资料.rar / up自己一点点整理的复习资料.pdf｜专业：机械工程｜课程：机械工程导论
机械设计（英文要点·复习资料）
核心内容
The principle of Mechanical mechanism
A machine is a device which produces specif mechanical motions and it can transmit mechanical
energy. A machine may be a mechanism or a combanition of mechanisims.
1. Structural analysis of mechanisms
·Kinematic pair: joint allows relative motion.
Lower pair: surface contact between two links--- hinged joint
Higher pairs: point or line contact beween two links--- the contact between a cam and its
follower
·Degree of freedom
Unconstrained rigid link moving in a plane has 3 degrees of freedom. Higher pair has 1 constraint,
lower pair has 2 constraints. So the degree of freedom of a planar mechanism can be calculated
by F= 3n-(2Pl+Ph)
2. Crank-rocker linkage
It consists of frame, driving link/crank, driven link and coupler.
·Quick-return motion: the crank and coupler will be a sraight line at each extreme position.the
acute angle between the limiting positions can be used to calculate the advance- to retern-time
ratio: K=180+angle/(180-angle)
·pressure angle & transmission angle
The pressure angle is the acute angle between the direction of the static force transferred
through the coupler and absolute velocity of the output link at the connected point.
And the transmission angle is the complementary angle of pressure angle. When transmission
angle becomes 0, the linkage comes to the dead point. Sometimes the dead point is ery useful to
design self-locking devices, for example, landing gear.
3. Gear mechanisms
·planar gear mechanisms
Spur gears: the teeth are straight and parallel to the gear axis
The modules have benn standardized. D=mz. Z--- number of teeth. D--- the diameter of
reference circle. With pressure angle, we can calculate the base circle. The diameter of base
circle is cos(pressure angle )* D.
Helical gears: teeth are not parallel to the shaft axes. They can be used at higher velocities than
spur gears and have greater load-carrying capacity.
The most important characteristic of helical gears is helix angle. The helix angle of two contact
gears should be same.
·spatical gears
The motion is to be transmitted between shafts whose axes intersect.
Intersecting shaft gears/ worm gears
·conditions of continuous transmission of gears
Value of contant ratio must be greater than 1, that means the contact length must be greater
than the base pitch of the gears.
4. Design of Cam mechanisms
A cam is a rotating piece in a mechanical linkage used especially in transforming rotary motion
into linear motion.
According to the rise travel and return travel we can determine the stroke of cam.
When I design the cam, I should ensure that the pressure angle of cam is not greater than the
critical value, so that it can have a good transmission characteristics.
Adams --- kinematics simulation
参考：来源：aps复习资料.rar / up自己一点点整理的复习资料.pdf｜专业：机械工程｜课程：机械设计
机械设计（英文要点·复习资料·fundamental of mechanical Design A(2)）
核心内容
In this course briefly introduce the basic knowledge about the design of evert part of a machine,
e.g. key, bolt, shaft, gear, belt and rolling bearing. We learned which requirements we should
fulfill, e.g. we should ful fill the requirement of the stength, rigidity, stability and so on.
1. Gear transmission
2. Shaft
3. Rolling bearing
4. Belt transimission
5. Key
6. Bolt
参考：来源：aps复习资料.rar / up自己一点点整理的复习资料.pdf｜专业：机械工程｜课程：机械设计
机械设计综合实践（英文要点·复习资料）
核心内容
Calculation, design, 3D modeling,
参考：来源：aps复习资料.rar / up自己一点点整理的复习资料.pdf｜专业：机械工程｜课程：机械设计综合实践
工程图学（英文要点·复习资料）
核心内容
1. Basic concepts
·3 view of projection
Top view, front view, right view and isometric view
·Scales
A scale is defined as the ratio of the linear dimensions of the object as represented in a drawing
to the actual diemensions of the same.
Full sieze; enlarged size and reduced size
2. Part drawing
The plane drawing in a paper , and 2&3D drawing by software solidworks. Normally we can draw
a 3D part drawing according to the 2D part plane diagram. Also we should draw the top/front and
right views of 2D part drawing in the paper accoring to the isometric view.
3. Assembly drawing
参考：来源：aps复习资料.rar / up自己一点点整理的复习资料.pdf｜专业：机械工程｜课程：工程图学
工程材料（英文要点·复习资料）
核心内容
1. Mechanical properties of materials
2. Crystal, lattice and unit cell
3. Iron-Carbon phase diagram
Pure iron: <0.0218%; Stell: the carbon content is less than 2.11%; cast iron: greater.
Five basic structure of iron- carbon alloy:
4. Heat treatment
·annealing
·normalizing
·quenching
·tempering
·carburization
·modulation processing
metallic structural materials
1. Definition
2. Alloying
3. common designations of engineering materials in chinese standard
4. The design of material compositions of high speed iron tool
·service invironment
·performance requirments
·alloying
·heat treatment
参考：来源：aps复习资料.rar / up自己一点点整理的复习资料.pdf｜专业：机械工程｜课程：工程材料
材料加工基础（英文要点·复习资料）
核心内容
1. Casting
2. Forging
3. Welding
参考：来源：aps复习资料.rar / up自己一点点整理的复习资料.pdf｜专业：机械工程｜课程：材料加工基础
制造工程基础（英文要点·复习资料）
核心内容
Presentation of the introduction of different methods of 3D printer, e.g. laser and electron beam
machining.
My group gived a presentation about Electron beam machining.
fundamental of manufacturing engineering(2)
1. Interchangeability
2. Deviation & tolerance
·Hole and shaft basis & Types of fit
·Tolerance of shape and location
3. Machining surface quality
4. Measurement of typical parts
5. Turning
·Cutting motion
·Structure of turning tool
·Tool reference system
·Tool angles
·Deformation process of Metal cutting
·Built-up edge
·Motion of machine tool
6. Milling
·Climb milling and conventional milling
·Jihs and Fixtures
·Meaning of location
参考：来源：aps复习资料.rar / up自己一点点整理的复习资料.pdf｜专业：机械工程｜课程：制造工程基础
生产实习（英文要点·复习资料）
核心内容
1. Visting & Operation in production workshop
2. Modeling in 2/3 dimensional and manufacturing
3. Project management in engineering
参考：来源：aps复习资料.rar / up自己一点点整理的复习资料.pdf｜专业：机械工程｜课程：生产实习
电子工艺实习（英文要点·复习资料）
核心内容
1. Basic circuit components
In the course we need to know how to identify electronic components, how to use basic
measuring tools, such as multimeter, oscilloscope, dc regulated power supply and weld electronic
components.
resistance: on resistance there are color rings, they represent the resistance value, for example
brown is 1, the last ring is the error.
capacitance: normal/Electrolytic capacitor have Positive and negative electrode
diode: Diode is a two terminal PN junction device. the long leg of diode is positive, diode allows
the flow of current in one direction only
switch, led, Electromagnetic coil
2. practice to Circuit welding by using electric soldering iron and solder stick
3. radio
To make a radio, according to the The circuit principle diagram, we install all the components of
radio to a circuit board, then weld them, fianlly test.
参考：来源：aps复习资料.rar / up自己一点点整理的复习资料.pdf｜专业：机械工程｜课程：电子工艺实习