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按学科门类筛选，可继续下钻到具体专业与课程；内容为各课程复习要点，用于面谈与笔试备考。
创新产品设计（英文要点·复习资料）
核心内容
circuits test
In this couse we must know about the use of common instruments, such as multimeter,
oscilloscope, DC power supply, design the experiment circuit according to the principle diagram
of electronic components and elctronic chips.
·Analog circuit:
1.For example, we designed a simple temperature control circuit.
The circuit has four main parts, the first part is a voltage division circuit made up of a resistance
and a thermistor, when the temperature is higher, resistance is greater.
The second part is a voltage follower, to separate the sensor circuit with other circuits.
The third part is inverse addition circuit, to add the output voltage of the voltage follwer and
supply power(+12V).
The fourth part is hysteresis comparator, so that the circuit stops heating when the temperature
is too high, and starts heating when too low.
The operation amplifiers are used in the nonlinear region as voltage comparators
2. Design of Operational amplifier circuit
First we got a circuit, and according to that Circuit for offset voltage detection, we should
calculate the resistance. And connected the circuit, using dual channel oscilloscope to observe
the input and output at the same time.
We observe the Amplitude Distortion, if we incorrectly design our amplifier circuit and set the
biasing Q-point at the wrong position on the load line or apply too large an input signal to the
amplifier, the resultant output signal may not be an exact reproduction of the original input signal
waveform.
·Digital circuit:
To design a voting circuit with 2 pieces of 74LS00, when 2 or 3 of 3 people give 1, the result is 1,
otherwise the result is 0.
Each piece of 74LS00 contains four nand gates.
First we got the truth table, and we used K-map to get the logic expression. Accoring to the
rersult we designed the circuit, then connecting and test.
参考：来源：aps复习资料.rar / up自己一点点整理的复习资料.pdf｜专业：机械工程｜课程：创新产品设计
大学物理实验（英文要点·复习资料）
核心内容
The experiments of first semester are mainly about the use of fundamental measurement and
some simple operation about optical, thermal and electrical experiments.
1. use of the oscilloscope.
An oscilloscope is a diagnostic device that displays a time varying voltage. It is significant in
electrical experiments because it shows electrical signals in the form of voltage versus time, so
that they can be observed.
The oscilloscope has amplification and delay features that allow part or all of the signal to be
observed. Other features allow the signals to be physically moved about the screen. All of this
makes it easier for the signal to be measured.
2. Use wheatstone bridge to measure resistance
3. use Michelson interferometer to measure the refractive index of air
First we learned the structure of michelson interferometer
·Interference: The change in shape of the resulting wave from the two previous intersecting
waves
There are 2 differents kinds of interference: total constructive interference and total destructive
interference. Total constructive interference occurs when the peak of one wave merges with the
peak of the secondary wave; they add together and a new wave is formed. In total destructive
interference, the peak of one wave meets the valley of another wave of equal magnitude; when
this occurs, the two waves cancel each other out.
·interference pattern: the light and dark pattern shown on a screen which can be observe as a
result of the experiment.
The optical path difference between the reflected light from this two mirror is
(virtual image)
The condition of generating light and dark pattern is (d is the displacement between M1’ and M2)
We change the displacement between mirror and light source by turning the handwheel, and
there are scale value on it. And the number of circle on the screen will change. So By using this
formula:
, we can calculate the refractive index of air.
·DATA Analysis
参考：来源：aps复习资料.rar / up自己一点点整理的复习资料.pdf｜专业：机械工程｜课程：大学物理实验
机械技术实践（英文要点·复习资料）
核心内容
1. Sand casting
Casting is a manufacturing process by which a liquid material is usually poured into a
mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to solidify.
Sand casting use sand as the mold material.
the structure is mainly composed of the flasks, a mold cavity, a core, the ventilation
system(gas and steam generated during casting exit through it) and the gating system(we pour
the liquid material through it).
Sand can be ground, swept or strickled into shape. The metal to be cast will contract during
solidification, and this may be non-uniform due to uneven cooling. Therefore the pattern must be
slightly larger than the finished product. Patterns also habe core prints that create registers
within the molds into which are placed sand cores.
·The process can be summarized into 6 steps:
Place a pattern in sand to creat a mold;
Incorporate the pattern and sand in a gating system;
Remove the pattern;
Fill the mold cavity with molten metal;
Allow the metal to cool;
Break away the sand mold and remove the casting.
2. Welding
Is a process that joins materials, usually metals. This is often done by melting the workpieces and
addding a siller material to form a pool of molten material that cools to become a strong joint.
Shielded metal arc welding:
Electric current is used to strike an arc between the base material and consumable electrode rod,
which is weld area from oxidaton by producing carbon dioxide gas during the welding process.
The electrode core itself acts as filler material, making a separate filler unnecessary.
The coating flow on the external side of the rod will then produce CO2 to protect the weld area,
while the fused electrode core will become the weld metal to put the base materials together.
And the weld metal will be covered with a layer of solidified slag, which should be removed with
a hammer when it cools down.
In this training course we used SMAW to weld two seperate iron plates together. First the teacher
gived us a demonstration, we watched and learned the details of operation. Then we took the
welding practice, and the score given according to the quality of the weld joint.
参考：来源：aps复习资料.rar / up自己一点点整理的复习资料.pdf｜专业：机械工程｜课程：机械技术实践
工程数学分析（英文要点·复习资料）
核心内容
1. Derivative & differential
2. L’Hospital’s rule
It is used to evaluate the limits which tend to 0/0 or infinite to infinite), then the limit of that
form equals the limit of its derivatives.
3. Newton Leibniz formula
=
−
=
b
a
b
a
x
F
a
F
b
F
dx
x
f
|)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
4. Cauchy mean value theorem
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
('
)
('
0
)
('
),
(
)
(
)
,
(
a
g
b
g
a
f
b
f
c
g
c
f
c
g
b
g
a
g
b
a
c
−
−
=
，
5. Taylor series
A Taylor series is a series expansion of a function about a point. A one-dimensional Taylor series is
an expansion of a real function f(x) about a pointx=a is given by
If a=0, the expansion is known as a Maclaurin series.
6. Series
Infinite series/ term of a series/ convergence and divergence of series of positive terms
Ratio test: L=lim(n-->∞)|a[n+1]/a[n]|
Root test: L=lim(n-->∞)a[n]1/n
If L <1, the series sum converges; if L>1,diverges; if L=1, in inconclusive.
Open talks on engineering mathematical analysis
Introduced 12 much more pofessional knowledge of mathematical analysis to increase the
interest of math of students. To get the score, we should write 4 thesis about 4 different
directions that given in this course. But the knowledge I learned at this course to be honest I had
never contacted after this course, i think at least now they are not useful for the practical project
that I have done during my study.
参考：来源：aps复习资料.rar / up自己一点点整理的复习资料.pdf｜专业：机械工程｜课程：工程数学分析
线性代数（英文要点·复习资料）
核心内容
1. Determinant is a number
Row/ column/ element/ leading diagonal/ counter diagonal
Transposed determinant/ triangular determinant
The determinant is equal to its transposed determinant
Interchange teo row s or cols changes the sign
2. Matrix is a operator
Multiplication of two matrix is defined if and only if the number of columns of the left matrix is
the same as the number of rows of the right matrix. If A is an m-by-n matrix and B is an n-by-p
matrix, then their matrix product AB isthe m-by-p matrix whose entries are given by dor product
of the corresponding row of A and the corresponding column of B.
Rank of matrix: if there is a r-order subdeterminant in matrix A is not equal to 0, while all the r+1
order subdeterminant are equal to0, then the rank of matrix A is r.
参考：来源：aps复习资料.rar / up自己一点点整理的复习资料.pdf｜专业：机械工程｜课程：线性代数
概率论与数理统计（英文要点·复习资料）
核心内容
1. Definition of probability
Probability is the measure of the likelihood that an event will occur.
A simple example is the toos of a fair coin. Since the two outcomes areequally probable, the
probability of “heads” equals the probability of “tails:, so the probability is 50% chance of either
“heads” or “tails”.
2. classic model
·equiprobability
means that each event has the same probability of occurring. In statistics and probability theory
it is applied in the discrete uniform distribution. If there are n events under consideration, the
probability o each occuring is 1/n. e.g. we can consider that voting is conforming to
equiprobability. N is the number of all results and the event A has k results, so the probability of
A is k/n.
·conditional probability
Is a measure of the probability of an event given that another event has occured. “the conditional
probability of A given B” or “the probabilty of A under condition B” is usually written as P(A|B).
e.g. the probability that any given person has a cough on any day may be only 5%. but if we know
that the person has a cold, then they are much more likely to be coughing. The conditional
probability of coughing given that you have a cold might be a much greater that75%.
Independent event: P(AB)=P(A)P(B)
参考：来源：aps复习资料.rar / up自己一点点整理的复习资料.pdf｜专业：机械工程｜课程：概率论与数理统计
C 语言程序设计（英文要点·复习资料）
核心内容
C language programming is object oriented programming. In this course we learned many
concepts and fundamental knowledge about C language programming , e.g. main funtion,
variable, structure, operator...
Main funtion is the entry point of a program, then it call other sub-funtions.
Data type is including char/ string/ int(integer number)/ float/double(has decimal but different
precision)
String is a sequence of characters, char is ascll codes represent text, e.g. char ‘a’ is 0x61.
Operator: arithmetic operator: add/ aubtract/ multiply and divide
Structure: for/ while/ do...while; if else/ switch case; goto/break/ continue/ return
Array is a group of data.
参考：来源：aps复习资料.rar / up自己一点点整理的复习资料.pdf｜专业：机械工程｜课程：C 语言程序设计
计算机软件技术基础（英文要点·复习资料）
核心内容
Stack:
In computer science, a stack is an abstract data type that serves as a collection of elements, with
two principal operations: push, which adds an element to the collection, and pop, which removes
the most recently added element that was not yet removed. The order in which elements come
off a stack gives rise to its alternative name, LIFO (last in first off).
Pointer:
The value of a pointer is the address of another variable stored elsewhere in the computer
memory. Like any variable or constant, we must declare a pointer before using it to store any
variable address.
Read and write a file.
We programmed a mini CAD, a two- dimensional drawing software with funtions: drawing line/
circle and polygon,changing their size, moving the image and clearing the screen.
参考：来源：aps复习资料.rar / up自己一点点整理的复习资料.pdf｜专业：机械工程｜课程：计算机软件技术基础
数值计算方法（英文要点·复习资料）
核心内容
In most practical engineering problems there are always no exact solution, so we should use
conputer to help us get the numerical solution, e.g. Newton’s method. It is a root-finding
algorithm which produces successively better approximations to the roots (or zeroes) of a
real-valued function. Newton's method is an iterative method. This means that there is a basic
mechanism for taking an approximation to the root, and finding a better one. After enough
iterations of this, one is left with an approximation that can be as good as you like (you are also
limited by the accuracy of the computation)
Of course if we use matlab to do this thing it will be quite simple, but our teacher required us to
use C lanuage to conplete tasks, that means we should understand all the theory clearly by
ourselves and also should have good ability of programming.
参考：来源：aps复习资料.rar / up自己一点点整理的复习资料.pdf｜专业：机械工程｜课程：数值计算方法
大学物理（英文要点·复习资料）
核心内容
4-2 Newton’s first law of motion (low of inertia)
Everybody continues in its state of rest or of uniform speed in a straight line as long as no net
force acts on it.
4-3 mass
Mass is a measure of the inertia of a body.
The terms mass and weight are often confused with one another, but it is important to
distinguish between them. Mass is a property of a body itself—it is a measure of a body’s inertia,
or its “quantity of matter”. On the other hand, weight is a force, the force of gravity acting on a
body. To see the difference, suppose we take an object to the moon. The object will weigh only
about one sixth as much as it did on Earth, since the force of gravity is weaker, but its mass will be
the same.
4-4 Newton’s second law of motion
The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and is inversely
proportional to its mass. The direction of the acceleration is in the direction of the net force
acting on the object. a=∑F/m
4-5newton’s third law of motion
Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second exerts an equal and opposite
force on the first.
29-3Maxwell’s equations
Maxwell’s equations are the basic equations for all electromagnetism. All of electromagnetism
is contained in this set of four equations. They are as fundamental as Newton’s three laws of
motion and the law of universal gravitation.
7-4the work-energy principle
The net work done on an object is equal to the change in its kinetic energy.
8-3 the principle of conservation of the mechanical energy
If only conservative forces are doing work, the total mechanical energy of a system neither
increases nor decreases in any process. It stays constant----it is conserved.
8-5the law of conservation of energy
The total energy is neither increased nor decreased in any process. Energy can be transformed
from one form to another, and transferred from one body to another, but the total amount
remains constant.
9-2conservation of momentum
When the net external force on a system is zero, the total momentum remains constant. Namely,
the total momentum of an isolated system of bodies remains constant.
参考：来源：aps复习资料.rar / up自己一点点整理的复习资料.pdf｜专业：机械工程｜课程：大学物理
理论力学（英文要点·复习资料）
核心内容
·Statics
1. Point particle & rigid body
A point particle is an appropriate representation of any object whose size, shape and structure is
irrelevant in a given context. E.g. from far enough away, an object of any shape will look and
behave as a point-like object. (spacecraft in orbit has mass without shape)
A rigid body is an idealization of a solid body in which deformation is neglected. In other words,
the distance between any two given points of a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of
external forces exerted on it.
2. Concurrent force system & resultant force
Concurrent coplanar/ non-coplanar force system: multiple forces intersect at a single point.
A resultant force has the same efect on the rigid body as the original system of forces. We can
use parallelogram pinciple to determine the resultant force, which is the diagonal of
parallelogram.
3. The conditions of a general non-coplanar force system getting balance
Principal vector is 0; pincipal moment is 0.
Moment; moment arm; couples; the moment of the couple(torque); constraint; force analysis
4. Firction
Frictoin is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces.
Angle of friction & self- locking phenomenon
max
max
tan
=
；
5. Principle of virtual displacement
The sum of elementary works done by any active force or torque on any virtual displacement is 0.
Elementary work is the work done by and force or torque on an indinite small distance or angle.
·Kinematics
In the kinematics part the most important content is the analysis and calculation of velocity and
acceleration. E.g. the absolute velocity, the relative velocity, the embroil velocity/movement and
even the coriolis acceleraion.
1. Motion
Absolute motion / Relative motion / Embroil motion (human in a moving car)
Reference body & frame
2. Acceleraion
the Coriolis acceleration is present only if the rigid body is moving relative to the rotating
coordinate system, i.e.
0
rv
. It appears only in Non inertial reference system.
Coriolis acceleration
r
c
v
a
=
2
Wind and ocean currents are strongly affected by the Coriolis effect.
As latitude increases and the speed of the Earth's rotation decreases, the Coriolis effect
increases.
An example of latitudinal variations in deflection is the formation of hurricanes. These storms
don't form within five degrees of the equator because there is not enough Coriolis rotation.
Move further north and tropical storms can begin to rotate and strengthen to form
hurricanes(right--Counterclockwise).
Rivers in the northern hemisphere erode the right bank, rivers in the southern hemisphere erode
the left bank.
·Dynamics (particle system & rigid body)
1. Momentum theorem
Momentum is P = mv! When an object has a mass and velocity, it has momentum.
When an object has a momentum, and a force is applied for an amount of time, the momentuum
canchange to a new value. The therorem states that the impulse(=F·Δt) is equal to this change
in momentum.
2. Kinetic energy theorem
The work dne by all forces acting on a particle equals to the change in the kinetic energy.
3. lagrange’s equations
4. D’Alembert’s principle
It is similar to the virtual work principle in a static system. If the negative terms in accelerations
are recognized as inertial forces, the statement of d’Alembert’s principle becomes that the total
virtual work of the impressed forces plus the inertial forces is 0 for reversible displacement.
The sum of inertial force, active force and constraining force is 0.
参考：来源：aps复习资料.rar / up自己一点点整理的复习资料.pdf｜专业：机械工程｜课程：理论力学
材料力学（英文要点·复习资料）
核心内容
When the external forces act on the material, in the inner of the material there will occur some
corresponding internal force usch as the normal stree, shear stress, torsional stress, bending
stress.This course introduces some conceptions of such forces and failure theories, and teaches
me how to analyze the forces in the inner of the materials. It is a fundamental of several courcess
we learnt later.
1. Stresss & strain
A
F
G
E
N
=
=
=
；
；
E---elasticity modulus; G---shear modulus
Stress-strain diagram(kow-carbon steel)
Linear elastic: the slop is Young’s moduls
Tield stage: plastic deformation/ yield strength
Strain hardening region: ultimate strength
Necking region
Fracture
2. Poisson’s ratio & effect
Poisson’s ration is the negative of the ration of transverse strain to axial strain.
It is a measure of the poisson effect, the phenomenon in thich a material tends to expand in
directions perpendicular to the direction of compression.
3. Torque & shear stress
pI
T
=
Polar moment of inertia:
Moment of Inertia and Polar Moment of Inertia are both the quantities expressing a body’s
tendency to resist changes when certain torque is being applied. Moment of Inertia is often
refereed as mass moment of inertia or the angular mass. It is the measure of an object’s
resistance against the angular acceleration. The resistance being done here is against the rotation
rate when certain torque is applied. On the other hand, Polar Moment of Inertia is a measure of
a body’s ability to resistance against the torsion when torque is being applied. It is utilized to
calculate the angular displacement of a body subjected to torque.
dA
I p
=
2
4. Bending stress
Bending normal stress:
dA
z
I
I
My
z
z
=
=
2
；
Iz is the moment of inertia of the cross section to nertual axis.
Pure bending: a bending moment is applied to a beam witout other forces. It occurs only under a
constant bending moment since the shearing force has to be equal to 0.
5. Beam(straight and slender)
Dflection
z
EI
x
M
dx
x
d
)
(
)
(
2
2
=
The second derivative of deflection with respect to x is interpreted as its curvature.
The neutral axis is an axis in the cross section of a beam or shaft along which there are no
longitudinal stresses or strains.
Boundary conditions: the deflection and rotation angle of the fixed end are 0.
Continuity condition: the left and right deflection of joint are equal
6. Mohr’s circle (
/
)
It is used to determine graphically the stress components acting on a rotated coordinate system.
It is for a general 2-dimensional state of stresses.
7. Failure theories
There are 4 important failure theoties: maximum shear stress theory, maximum normal stress
theory, maximum srain energy theory, and maximum distortion energy theory.
·maximum shear stress theory: when maximum principle stress of the system become equal to
the maximum stress under simple tension test of the same material. (condition: tension strength
lager than compression strength)[Brittle material]
·maximum normal stress theory: when maximum strain becomes equal to the strain
corresponding to the tield point under simple tension test of the same material. (condition:
tension less than compression strength)[Brittle material]
·maximum srain energy theory: when maximum shear stress equals to the value of the shear
stress ar yielding [ductile material]
·maximum distortion energy theory:[ductile material]
8. Experiment
参考：来源：aps复习资料.rar / up自己一点点整理的复习资料.pdf｜专业：机械工程｜课程：材料力学
弹性力学（英文要点·复习资料）
核心内容
We analyze inner ofrces and couples in a deformable body. A deformable body possesses shear
srtength. We assume that the mass of body is continuously distributed in part of
three-dimensional space.
1. Basic assumptions
Continuity; uniformity and isotropic; perfectly elastic; small deformation; initial stress- strain free
state.
2. Outer forces
Sureface forces: acting on the surface of the body. They could be uniformly distributed. The
resultant force of the forces are
=
S
FdS
Q
Body forces: acting on all points of the body, such as gravity and inertial forces.
3. Plane state of strain
Definition: a body is in a plane stat of strain if the displacement vector of any point is parallel to a
fixed plane, called the plane of deformation, and is independent of the distance of the point from
the plane of the deformation.
If the load is the independent of the axial coordinate z, then the body is in the plane state of
strain.
·Equilibrium equations in terms of stress component
·Small deformations
·constitutive equation (Hooke’s law; E---Young’s modulus; u---poisson’s ratio; G---shear modulus)
4. Staint-venant principle (boundary conditions)
If some distribution of surface forces on a portion of the surface of the body is replaced by a
different distribution, having the same resultant force and resultant couple, then the effect of
both surface forces at the points of the body sufficiently removed from the region of application
of the forced is the same. So we use the resultant force and resultant couple are equal to F and
M.
5. Boundary conditions (displacement & strain)
6. Stress function (when body forces is constant)
The stress function is related to the components of the Cauchy stress tensorby
7. Semi-inverse method
First we should determine equations that must be statisfied by the remaining stresses and
displacements.
参考：来源：aps复习资料.rar / up自己一点点整理的复习资料.pdf｜专业：机械工程｜课程：弹性力学
舞蹈鉴赏（英文要点·复习资料）
核心内容
We watched and appreciated some Western ballets, such as several versions of Swan Lake, and
compared them. Also, we watched the dance in different regions of China. China has a vast
territory, with more than a dozen kinds of dances, each of which has its own style.
This course has improved my aesthetic appreciation.
参考：来源：aps复习资料.rar / up自己一点点整理的复习资料.pdf｜专业：机械工程｜课程：舞蹈鉴赏
遥感技术导论（英文要点·复习资料）
核心内容
In this course, teacher give us an overview of remote sensing technology which use in space. At
first, I’m not understand the word “apstical”, bacause the chiniese word “apstical” and
“space”(the space around us not the outerspace) is the same, but when I was having this course,
I find I was not intrested in it. But the teacher try to use some videos to make this course
attractive. And at last, each of the student should submit a thesis about remote sensing
technology, of course, we don’t need to talk too much about proffesional knowledge, because we
are just frech men. So I introduce the development of apstical remote sensing technology in
China and foreign country, and some difficulties we were meeting in the development and how
could we overcome them. Of course, all the ideas were from the papers that I read.
参考：来源：aps复习资料.rar / up自己一点点整理的复习资料.pdf｜专业：机械工程｜课程：遥感技术导论