专业知识库（按学科 / 专业 / 课程）
按学科门类筛选，可继续下钻到具体专业与课程；内容为各课程复习要点，用于面谈与笔试备考。
英美文学史及作品选读
核心内容
英美文学史及作品选读 / Brief history of British and American literature and selected readings / 教学内容 Teaching content / 英国文学史 History of British literature / 美国文学史 History of American literature / Medieval literature (5-15 century)中世纪文学 / The Renaissance period / (15-17 century)文艺复兴时期文学 / Colonial Period 殖民地时期 (1607-1765) / The Period of Enlightenment and Independent War 启蒙时期与独立战争时期 (1765-late 18th century) / The 17th Century Literature/The age of Milton米尔顿时期 (17 century) / William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚 (playwright剧作家, poet) / Hamlet, King Lear, Macbeth麦克白, Othello奥赛罗 / (Four tragedies) / The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人，A midsummer Night's Dream仲夏夜之梦, As You Like It皆大欢喜, Twelfth Night第十二夜 / （Four comedies) / Romeo and Juliet / He is a realist; Reveal the essence of human nature, show human defects, use clue art, monologue art 揭示人的本质，展示人性缺陷，运用线索艺术、独白艺术 / The Enlightenment period启蒙时期文学/ / The Neoclassical period / 新古典主义时期 (18 century) / The Romantic literature / 浪漫主义时期文学 (1798-1832) / The realistic period / 现实主义时期文学 (1832-1918) / Modernist literature / 现代主义文学 (1918-1945) / Contemporary 当代文学 (1945-) / Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟 / The Canterbury Tales / 坎特伯雷故事集 / The father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父 / realistic style; iambic pentameter 他的诗行以五步抑扬格为基本节奏，每两行押韵 rhyme，被称为“英雄双韵体”(the heroic couplet) / Humanism: / Features: / 1. The country was divided by the struggle for political and religious liberty. So literature was also spiritually divided; / 2. Literature expressed sadness, gloom and pessimism; / J
参考：来源：英美文学史及作品选读.emmx｜专业：英语｜课程：英美文学史及作品选读
英语简史 Brief History of English · 英语简史 (1
核心内容
英语简史 Brief History of English / 英语地位 English status / 英语的发展史 History of English / 英语是当今世界上主要的国际通用语言之一，也是世界上使用最广泛的语言之一English is one of the major international languages and one of the most widely used languages in the world today. / Around the 4th - 5th centuries AD Old English appeared古英语出现 / The basic words of modern English emerged. 出现了现代英语中的基本词汇 "the,be,here,on, to, after, man, house, day" / Middle English began with the Norman Conquest in the late 11th century 中古英语始于11世纪末的诺曼征服 / There are a lot of French words. 出现大量法语词汇government, court, judge / In addition, there are a large number of Latin words. 除此之外，还有29%的拉丁语词汇 / A lot of religious Latin came into England很多宗教相关的拉丁语传入英国: priest牧师, candle / French is also a Latin language, so the origins of many words are unknown. 法语属于拉丁语族，源头不可知
参考：来源：英语简史 (1.emmx｜专业：英语｜课程：英语简史 Brief History of English
英语词汇学 English Lexicology · 英语词汇学 (1
核心内容
英语词汇学 / English Lexicology / Some relevant definitions / Word-formation/word-builing in English / Other terms / Synonyms同义词: are traditionally defined as words different in sound and spelling but identical or similar in meaning. big-large old-ancient / Language: / Linguistics: / Lexicology: / an important method of vocabulary enlargement / The English language has increased its resources / through the adoption of words from other languages 吸收其他语言的词汇 / through the formation of new words with the material available in the language 利用语言中可用的材料来形成新词 / word: / is a minimum free form 最小自由形式 / work: a word; can not be broken down into any smaller units worker: a word; can be divided into two gramatically significant elements"work+er" / "books, desks" can also be divided into two gramatically significant elements "book or desk and -s" / These minimal grammatical units are called morphemes.语素 “the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words" / Antonyms反义词: are traditionally described as words opposite in meaning. old-new old-yong big-small high-low / Polysemy一词多义: the same word may have a set of different meanings (1) I had it in my right / hand / . (part of the human body) (2)The property is no longer in my / hands / . (keeping, possession) (3)Let me / give you a hand / with those bags. (=help you to carry them) / Hyponymy上下位关系: is the relationship of inclusion. Inclusion refers to including or being included.上下义是一种包容关系.Inclusion包括或被包括在内animal (superordinate上义词) dog, cat (hy
参考：来源：英语词汇学 (1.emmx｜专业：英语｜课程：英语词汇学 English Lexicology
英语试听
核心内容
英语视听 Audio-visual English / （English Viewing and Listening) / 课程内容 Course content / 授课方式 Teaching method / 听力音频 an audio file (BBC/VOA program) / 电影 video/movie / 听力技巧 Listening skills / 学的较差的原因 The reason for the poor study / During college, I was busy with courses and neglected listening practice. 繁忙，忽视了听力练习 / Before college, because of the low requirements for English listening, so it takes less time to practice. 大学以前学业要求低 lack of context / 如何改进 How to improve listening skills / Increase listening practice time, including extensive listening, intensive listening and dictation training. 增加听力练习时间，包括泛听，精听和听写训练 / Listen to audio or watch video in order to strengthen and enhance our listening ability (Some classic movies) / The course covers topics such as social, history, cultural and environmental issues. / Listening for specific information / listening for examples / conjunctions: 转折连词 but, however / take notes in shorthand 速记: using numbers, symboys and abbreviations (keywords) / listening skills and corresponding listening exercises (dictation) / authentic English videomaterials / The teacher's explanation of new words, difficult sentences and background information can help with our listening comprehension.
参考：来源：英语试听.emmx｜专业：英语｜课程：英语试听
语言学导论
核心内容
语言学导论 / Introduction to English Linguistics / The scope of linguistics 范围 / The definition of linguistics / The difficult points 难点 / Final exam presentation: The Application of Cooperative Principle(an important concept in pragmatics) 合作原则 / The technical terms/terminology and their definitions are mostly abstract concepts and difficult to understand. 涉及专业术语及其定义，多为抽象概念，难以理解 / The cultivation and application of language research ability 语言研究能力的培养与具体应用 / Linguistic is generally defined as the scientific study of language. / Process of linguistic study / Certain linguistic facts are observed, generalization are formed.观察到某些语言事实，形成概括。 / Hypotheses are formulated.制定假设 / Hypotheses are tested by further observations.假设通过进一步的观察得到检验 / A linguistic theory is constructed.构建语言学理论 / On the micro level/tiny view微观上 / On the macro level宏观上 / Phonetics语音学: / the general study of the characteristics of speech sound对语音特征的一般研究 / Phonology音系学: / is essentially the description of the systems and patterns of speech sound.本质上是对语言中语音系统和模式的描述 / Morphology形态学: / how morphemes are combined to form words语素如何组合成词 the form of words, studied as a branch of linguistics. / Snytax语法: / how morphemes/ phrases and words are combined to form sentences语素和单词如何组成句子 / Semantics语义学: / the study of meaning in abstraction对抽象意义的研究 the study of the meaning of the words and phrases / Pragmatics语用学: / the study of meaning in context of use研究使用语境中的意义 语境 什么是语境，高语境低语境 举例子 / Sociolinguistics社会语言学: / the study of language wit
参考：来源：语言学导论.emmx｜专业：英语｜课程：语言学导论
高级英语 Advanced English · 高级英语 (1
核心内容
· 课程定位：高级英语（Advanced English）是一门综合性英语课程（comprehensive English course），通过对经典英语段落（classic English passages）的深入分析（intensive analysis），扩展跨文化知识（intercultural knowledge）、夯实英语基础、提升阅读、写作、翻译与修辞（rhetoric）的实践技能。
· 与基础英语的区别（The difference between advanced English and basic English）
· 难度加深、段落更长（more difficult and paragraphs are longer）。
· 词汇（Vocabulary）：基础英语用较简单词句；高级英语用更复杂词汇。
· 例：advantages/merits（优点）；harmful/detrimental（有害的）；use/utilize（使用）。
· 语法（Grammar）：基础英语多用简单句（simple sentences）；高级英语从句更多，如定语从句（attributive clauses）、同位语从句（appositive clauses）、宾语从句（object clauses）等。
· 翻译方式（Translation）：基础英语多为直译（literal translation）；高级英语多用比喻（metaphor）、排比（parallelism）等修辞手法，需意译（paraphrase）。
· paraphrase：用自己的话解释句子（explain the sentences in your own words）。
· 教学方法（Teaching method）
· 以课本为主（text-based）。
· 课前预习（preview before class）：圈划生词（find the new words），了解全文背景、体裁（genre）与内容。
· 课堂细节分析：关键词、长难句翻译、修辞与语法结构。
· 课后练习（Exercises）。
· 期末考试（final exam）。
· 课程目标（Objective）
· 课文均由英语母语者（native English speakers）撰写，可学习精妙细腻的语言（exquisite and delicate language）。
· 对好句子、段落进行语言赏析（language appreciation），以便更好地运用于写作。
· 体裁（genre）分类
· Narration 记叙文：对事件的描述（a description of events）。
· Description 描写文。
· Exposition 说明文。
· Argumentation 议论文。
· Reportage 报告文学（电台报道）。
· Short story 短篇小说。
· Biography 传记/自传。
· 修辞手法（rhetoric / figure of speech）
· Metaphor 暗喻：一种修辞手法（a figure of speech）。
· Simile 明喻：用 as、like。
· Personification 拟人：将物体、品质等当作人（objects, qualities, etc. as humans）。
· Sarcasm 讽刺：用与本意相反的话使人不快或取笑（using words opposite to what you mean）。
· Alliteration 押头韵：词首使用相同音（the use of the same sound at the beginning of words）。
· 例：now or never（机不可失，时不再来）；Pride and Prejudice（《傲慢与偏见》）。
· Parallelism 排比：一系列相关词、短语或从句结构相似（similarity of structure in a series of related words, phrases or clauses）。
· 易考例句/习语（idioms）
· She is a walking dictionary. —— 她词汇量很大（knows a lot of vocabulary）。
· Amy is a fish in the water. —— 她游泳很好（swims very well）。
· cool as a cucumber（像黄瓜一样冷静）：形容不易紧张的人，即使有压力也能保持冷静（remain calm even under pressure）。
· Avoid like the plague（像躲瘟疫一样躲避）：因消极原因尽可能远离某人或某事（stay as far away from someone or something as possible for negative reasons）。
· The chocolate is calling my name. —— 拟人化表达，使句子更有趣。
· Look at my car. She is a beauty. —— 用 she 指代车，属拟人化用法。
参考：来源：高级英语 (1.emmx｜专业：英语｜课程：高级英语 Advanced English