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财务管理 Financial Management(中文版 1)

专业:会计学 | 课程:财务管理 Financial Management

核心内容
财务管理的目标 利润最大化 股东财富 企业价值最大化 相关者利益最大化 计划与预算 财务管理环节 决策与控制 分析与考核 特点:集中于总部 集权式 优势:有利于内部优化资源配置 管理体制类型分权式 优势:因地制宜搞好各项任务、有利于分散经营风险 劣势: 所属单位缺乏主动性、积极性等,丧失市场机会 特点:分散于各所属单位 基础知识 财务管理体制 劣势:缺乏全局观和整体意识、导致管理分散、资金成本增大 集权式和分权式相结合 特点:重大问题:集权;经营问题:分权 企业生命周期 企业战略 市场环境 企业规模 企业管理层素质 信息网络系统 影响财务管理体制选择的因素 技术环境 财务管理环境 经济环境: 最重要的,包括宏观体制、经济周期、经济发展水平、宏观经济政策及 社会通货膨胀水平等。 金融环境 法律环境 实际收益率 收益 预期收益率 必要报酬率 财务管理基础 风险与收益 风险对策 规避风险 减少风险 转移风险 接受风险 成本形态分析: 高低点法; 回归分析法,账户分析法,合同确认法等等 预算的作用 预算体系:业务预算、专门决策预算、财务预算 预算管理 预算编制方法 增量预算法 零基预算法 固定预算法 弹性预算法 银行借款 分类 发行公司债券 债券筹资 融资租赁 特点:筹资弹性较大,能迅速获得资产。 吸收直接投资 筹资方式 股权筹资 种类 发行普通股 利用留存收益 可转换债券 衍生工具筹资 认股权证 优先股 资本成本的定义 筹资管理 资本成本 影响资本成本的因素 系统 非系统 总体经济环境 基本市场条件 经营状况+财务状况 对筹资规模和时限的需求 资本成本和资本结构 资本成本率计算:年资金占用费除以(凑字总额减去凑字费用) 资本结构 最佳资本结构 影响资本结构的因素 经营杠杆:息税前利润变动率/产销业务量变动率 杠杆效应 财务杠杆 总杠杆效益与企业生产经营活动的关系 投资管理 投资对象的存在形态与性质 对企业未来生产经营前景的影响 直接投资 间接投资: 股票、债券 项目投资 证券投资 发展性投资 维持性投资 Financial Management

参考:来源:Financial Management (中文版1.pdf|专业:会计学|课程:财务管理 Financial Management

财务管理 Financial Management(英文版)

专业:会计学 | 课程:财务管理 Financial Management(英文版)

核心内容
Financial Management / 运营资本管理 / 成本管理 / 财务报表分析 / 现金管理 / 应收账款管理 / 存货管理 / 流动负债管理 / 成本管理的意义、目标、主要内容 / 标准成本控制与分析 / 作业成本与责任成本 / 基本财务报表分析 / 财务评价与考核 / 偿债能力 / 运营能力 / 盈利能力 / 发展能力 / 现金流量分析 / 杜邦分析法 / 沃尔评分法

参考:来源:Financial Management22.emmx|专业:会计学|课程:财务管理 Financial Management(英文版)

财务管理 Financial Management(中文版) · 财务管理 Financial Management(中文版 2)

专业:会计学 | 课程:财务管理 Financial Management(中文版)

核心内容
Financial Management 现金管理 应收账款管理 运营资本管理 存货管理 流动负债管理 成本管理的意义、目标、主要内容 成本管理 标准成本控制与分析 作业成本与责任成本 偿债能力 运营能力 基本财务报表分析 盈利能力 财务报表分析 财务评价与考核 发展能力 现金流量分析 杜邦分析法 沃尔评分法

参考:来源:Financial Management(中文版2.pdf|专业:会计学|课程:财务管理 Financial Management(中文版)

会计专业APS

专业:会计学 | 课程:会计专业APS

核心内容
APS
毕业论文 graduation thesis
1.题目theme:Study on the effect of employee shareholding under mixed ownership reform of state-owned enterprises
-- An example of SAIC
2.主要内容main content
The article took SAIC as an example, this paper studies the internal changes and market reaction before and after the implementation of ESOP , and concludes that the implementation effect of ESOP is generally positive, and puts forward suggestions for the implementation of ESOP in the future.
SAIC:Saic, short for SAIC Motor Corporation Limited , is the largest listed automobile company in China's A-share market.
ESOP:short for Employee Stock Ownership Plans,Refers to the internal employees of the enterprise to subscribe for part of the equity of the enterprise
研究过程
First of all, I analyzed the company's financial indicators before and after the implementation of the plan, such as debt repayment indicators and profit indicators, and found that the changes were not obvious;Then I analyzed the market reaction. I used the data of SAIC's rate of return and market rate of return before the implementation of this plan to get the functional relationship between them. I used this function relation to calculate the return rate of the normal 20 days in the future and compared it with the real return rate of the 20 days after the implementation of the plan, and found that the return rate increased significantly after the implementation of the plan.
研究结论
My conclusion is that the scheme has had a positive impact

参考:来源:会计专业APS.docx|专业:会计学|课程:会计专业APS

会计专业aps addition

专业:会计学 | 课程:会计专业aps addition

核心内容
基础会计
Introduction:
Accounting is defined as keeping or preparation of the financial records of an entity. Analysis, verification and reporting of such records are all included in the work of accounting. In this course, we have mainly learned basic elements of accounting, accounting equation and book keeping methods.
1、Basic Elements
Assets: assets represent value of ownership that can be converted into cash.
Liabilities: is what the company owes to outside organizations or individuals. a current obligation of an entity arising from past transactions or events.
Equity: the value of an ownership interest in property, including shareholders' equity in a business. Equity is part of the total capital of a business.
Revenues: the income that a business has from its normal business activities, usually from the sale of goods and services to customers.
Expenses: an outflow of money to another person or group to pay for an item or service, or for a category of costs.
Profits: the difference between the purchase price and the costs of bringing to market
2、Accounting Equation
Every business transaction affects at least two of a company’s accounts, the accounting equation will always be in balance, meaning the left side should always equal the right side.
Assets=Liabilities + Equity
Explanation: The accounting formula essentially shows that what the firm owns (its assets) is purchased by either what it owes (its liabilities) or by what its owners invest (its shareholders equity or capital

参考:来源:会计专业aps addition.docx|专业:会计学|课程:会计专业aps addition

劳动关系

专业:劳动关系 | 课程:劳动关系

核心内容
【劳动关系课程知识点整合笔记】

【一、学科定位与基础理论】

劳动关系学关注劳动者与雇主之间关系的认定,核心观点为“劳动者是主体”(workers are the main body),法律视角侧重如何避免劳动争议与劳资纠纷(labor disputes)。

劳动社会学是社会学(Sociology)的分支,侧重社会化解释,主要内容分为劳动社会化与劳动者社会化两部分。劳动社会化(Socialization of labor)指孤立、狭义的劳动转变为与大规模分工协作紧密相连的共同劳动的过程。

社会学基础概念:
· 社会互动(Social interaction):五类行为——交换行为、合作行为、斗争行为、竞争行为(在规则下为同一目标进行的合作性冲突)、强制行为。
· 社会分层(Social stratification):按标准将人划分为高低等级序列。
· 社会流动(Social mobility):社会成员从一阶级或阶层转移到另一阶级或阶层的过程。实现方式有两种:社会革命导致分层结构根本改变;个体在常态下完成阶级变动。分类包括:
 · 垂直流动(Vertical mobility):阶级变动,主要受工业化与教育水平影响。
 · 水平流动(Horizontal mobility):同一水平职业间流动,或区域间空间流动(如农民工从乡村到城市)。
 · 代内流动(Intra-generational mobility):个人一生中的流动。
 · 代际流动(Inter-generational mobility):子女从父母阶级向另一阶级的流动。
 · 流动原因分生理性与社会性,后者常起更重要作用。

【二、劳动关系主体与治理】

主体三分法(three groups of labor relations subjects):
· 雇员与雇员团体:主要形式为工会(labor union / trade union),通过集体谈判(collective bargaining)代表雇员利益。
· 雇主与雇主团体:主要形式为企业联合会(enterprise federation),同样通过集体谈判代表雇主利益。
· 政府:多以调解者(mediator)身份介入,以立法(legislation)形式为劳资谈判提供依据。易考点:经济自由主义(economic liberalism)模式下,政府不被认定为劳动关系主体。

劳动政策与治理:关注政策引入对劳动关系的影响。案例:2022年1月20日中国八部委联合发布《关于促进平台经济规范健康持续发展的若干意见》,提出“探索明确不完全符合确立劳动关系情形的认定标准”,使新就业形态(如网约车司机 ride-hailing drivers)从业者身份从劳动关系、合作关系扩展至“不完全劳动关系”(new incomplete labor relations),认定边界更清晰。

劳动关系经济学:从企业(firm)角度出发,研究如何以更低成本(lower cost)运作、培训人员(train people)、留住人员(keep them in the firm)。

【三、劳动经济学】

四部分:劳动供给分析、劳动需求分析、劳动力流动、收入分配差距。

劳动供给分析:
· 三影响因素:人口政策(决定劳动力规模)、教育(决定劳动力质量)、退休政策(决定愿意工作多久)。
· 两方面测量:劳动参与率(labor participation rate)与工作时间(working hours)。
· 四个公式:
 · Participation rate = labor force / working-age population × 100%
 · Age (sex) participation rate = labor force of certain age (sex) / population of that age (sex) × 100%
 · Employment-population ratio = number of employed / working-age population × 100%
 · Unemployment rate = unemployed population / Labour rate × 100%
· 工作时间分法定工作时间(legal working time)与实际工作时间(actual working time)。

劳动需求分析:四影响因素——技术(越发达需求越高)、时间、企业目标(目标越高需求越高)、社会制度(通过宏观调节进行招聘干预)。

【四、员工参与与员工关系管理】

员工参与(employee participation):
· 理论基础:马斯洛需求层次理论(Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs)——生理需求、安全需求、社会需求、尊重需求、自我实现需求。尊重与自我实现是员工参与的目的。
· 基本途径:直接参与(参与经营决策与运营)、间接参与(委派代表参与管理)。
· 三维度措施:
 · 领导层:认可参与价值,尊重信任并授权,如分享收益(share the revenue)。
 · 制度层:建立异议反馈机制(feedback mechanism),采纳者表扬、未采纳者说明原因。
 · 员工层:工人自治(autonomy of workers,如蒙德拉贡劳动合作社企业 Mondragon Labor cooperative enterprise)、员工决策参与(如工人委员会 Workers' committee)。

员工关系管理(employee relationship management):定义为管理者实现组织目标、确保员工与社会获得增值(added value)的手段。三大重要部分:
· 沟通(communication):规范行为、避免冲突、塑造文化;方式含问卷、职工会议。
· 工作压力(working pressure):引发身体疾病与心理负面影响;应对包括培训、避免裁员(refrain from laying off employees)。
· 员工多样性(employee diversity):三种管理范式——第一范式强调平等公平、鼓励融入;第二范式接受文化差异并认为差异有价值;第三范式强调多样性与工作的联系,被认为最佳。

【五、集体谈判与劳动争议处理】

集体谈判(collective bargaining)四阶段:
1. 准备:识别全部问题并排序(Necessary / important / desired / inessential);规划成功标准(满足利益需求、签订书面集体合同)。
2. 开始:非正式场合会面交换意见;技巧 POET——partial、open、truthful、exchange;展示姿态(gestures)。
3. 正式谈判:分配式谈判(distribution negotiation,讨价还价,如画作 $15,000 标价、出价 $7,000、成交 $10,000);集体谈判(寻求共同利益,如姐妹分橙子,姐姐要果肉、妹妹要果皮)。
4. 结束:若无法接受对方方案,告知己方愿付最高价(highest price we are willing to pay)。

影响因素:最重要为最佳替代方案(best alternative),须保密;时间(time)亦重要,须在截止期限(under the wire)前完成必要问题。

劳动争议处理(中国):四阶段——协商(consultation)、调解(mediation)、仲裁(arbitration)、诉讼(litigation)。仲裁由劳动仲裁庭受理,自受理之日起 45 日内结束,可延长但不得超过 15 日;逾期未决可向法院起诉。协商与调解为非必经程序(non-essential procedures),可反悔进入仲裁。区别:协商是双方行为;调解增加了调解人(mediator)角色。

评判依据:经济从属性(economic subordination,如雇主支付工资 payroll)、人格从属性(personality subordination,如考勤记录 attendance records)、组织从属性(organizational subordination,如工作服 work clothes 与工作证 work permits)、相关协议(related agreements,如劳动合同 labor contract)。

【六、社会保障制度类型】

五种类型:
· 救济型(relief type):主要分布于非洲国家,直接向困难人群发放救济物资。
· 保险型(insurance type):起源于德国,被西欧、美国、日本效仿;不同成员适用不同标准,费用由国家、雇主、雇员三方分担。
· 福利型(welfare type):首创于英国,流行于北欧;遵循“从摇篮到坟墓”(cradle-to-grave)原则,费用主要由国家税收负担。
· 国家保障型(state-supported type):苏联首创,费用完全由雇主承担,工人无需缴纳。
· 自助型(self-help type):流行于新加坡、马来西亚;以个人负责为模式,费用由雇主与雇员按比例共同缴纳。

【七、调查方法与会计学基础】

抽样调查(Sampling survey):将事物分为若干部分,抽取部分样本代表整体;特点为成本低、效果好;在非全面调查方法中被公认为代表总体的最完整、最具科学依据的方法。

访谈调查(interview survey):访谈者须保持中立(neutrality),不得影响问卷作答,否则数据真实性(authenticity)丧失;对模糊回答采用深入追问(in-depth questioning)。五项原则:仪表举止得体(look and behave appropriately)、熟悉问卷(familiarity questionnaire)、遵循问卷措辞(follow the wording)、准确记录答案(record answers accurately)、深入提问(ask questions in depth)。

问卷设计注意事项:符合研究计划;问题清晰准确;一问一事;受访者有能力作答并能说明理由;问题切题、简短;避免否定式问题与倾向性措辞(tendentious words)。

会计核算七种方法:设置账户(Set Account)、复式记账(Double entry bookkeeping)、填制和审核会计凭证、登记账簿(Register account book)、成本计算(Cost calculation)、财产清查(Property inventory)、编制财务报告(Preparation of financial report)。

会计等式:
· 静态:Asset = liability + owner's equity = equity(资产 = 负债 + 所有者权益 = 权益)
· 动态:Profit = income minus expenses(利润 = 收入 − 费用);Assets = liabilities + owner's equity + profit。

【八、期末考试与谈判角色要点】

考试形式为小组讨论(group discussion),考生角色为工会方(union),具体为工会主席(chairman of labor union),聚焦己方诉求的提出与规划(如加薪 raise salary、购买健康保险 purchase health insurance)。

谈判技巧:避免与管理层(manager)陷入无休止争论;寻找双方均可获益的切入点(both sides can gain ground);考虑对方利益(如加薪助公司提升市场份额 market share);让步策略为坚持内容(如加薪幅度不可变)但可调整具体薪酬方案(绩效工资 merit pay);寻找方案依据(患病员工故事、官方行业平均工资 official industry average wages)。

技术文档:将谈判可能涉及的所有要点列成清单并分类(list and classify)。

其他课程提示:“追求幸福”为选修课,探讨儒家、墨家、佛教、道家幸福观,认为“满足”比“幸福”更恰当,备考需找例子。

参考:来源:劳动关系.rar|专业:劳动关系|课程:劳动关系

人力资源管理 Human resource management

专业:工商管理 | 课程:人力资源管理 Human resource management

核心内容
人力资源管理 Human resource management
人力资源管理定义:是对企业组织的人和事物的管理,处理人与人之间的关系,并对人的各种活动予以计划、组织、指挥和控制,以实现组织目标。It is the management of people and things in enterprises,and dealing with the relationship between people, and planning, organizing, commanding and controlling various activities of people, so as to achieve organizational goals.
员工培训与发展 staff training and development
1.培训的具体方法:Specific methods of training:
(1)讲授法(The lecture method)
(2)实践参与法(群体讨论、分析案例)Practical participation method (group discussion, case analysis)
(3)态度培训法(角色扮演)3.Attitude training method(Role playing:Simulate everyday work scenarios)
人力资源培训模型(the model of human resource)
首先确认组织和个人的需要——设置目标——拟定方案——进行培训活动——进行总结评价,这是一个循环的过程
First, identify the needs of the organization and individuals(usually by questionnaire) -- set goals -- make plan -- carry out training activities -- and make a summary evaluation。It's a circular process.
3.在期末考试,我们模拟了企业员工培训In the final exam, we simulated corporate employee training,我们制作了ppt,并将观众模拟为培训员工,我们所选择的公司是烟草公司。我们设计的培训方法是讲授法和实践参与法,有三个部分:一是介绍企业历史,二是由模拟总经理的人made a speech,三是专业技能培训,因为我们选择培训的岗位是tobacco regulatory post,我们采用了watched the training video, look fake cigarette model and let trainee finshed the exam paper的方式(遇到的困难:很多其他组选择职业礼仪的培训比如接打电话和服务顾客,因此他们可以用态度培训法(role playing)设置很多展示环节,更加有趣,但烟草公司是国有企业,培训很正式,有很多理论知识,所以我们没有选择简单的理论讲述而是让设置了视频、假烟模型,和考卷let the boring theoretical knowledge more vivid
员工绩效考评 staff performance evaluation
绩效概念:绩效对于组织而言是任务在数量、质量以及效率等方面完成的情况,对于员工而言是上级和同事对自己工作状况的评价。
For the or

参考:来源:人力资源管理 Human resource management.docx|专业:工商管理|课程:人力资源管理 Human resource management

公共关系public relations

专业:工商管理 | 课程:公共关系public relations

核心内容
公共关系public relations
概念:是组织机构与公众之间的沟通与传播关系
It is a communication and spread relations between the Organization and the public.
传播媒介the medium of public relation
medium of language:face to face communication
Medium of printing: newspaper\journal\book
Medium of electronics:broadcast\television\internet
公关的程序:the p.r. process
Four steps:调查--策划--实施--评估
调查:通过问卷法、访谈法、抽样调查法等方法获取信息,了解情况,发现问题,确认公关目标
Investigation: Through questionnaire, interview, sample survey and other methods to obtain information, understand the situation, find problems, confirm the target of public relations
2.策划:根据公关问题确定公关目标,制定公关计划和设计公关方案
Planning: According to the problems to determine the objectives, make public relations plans and design the programs
实施:根据公关的目标、计划和方案实施各种传播沟通活动
Implementation: Implement various communication activities according to the objectives, plans and programs of public relations
评估:根据调查、反馈的信息评估公关活动的效果,寻找新的问题,确立新的公关目标,调整原有的公关计划。
Evaluation: Evaluate the effect of public relations activities according to the survey and feedback information, find new problems, establish new objectives, and adjust the original plan.
危机管理
公关危机管理是指组织通过科学的预估和决策,制定合理的公关危机应急计划,在对公关危机发生时,运用科学的手段减少组织和公众带来的负面影响,并寻求公众对组织的谅解,以重新树立和维护组织的形象。
Public relations crisis management refers to that the organization makes a reasonable public relations crisis emergency plan through scientific estimation and decision-making. When a public relations crisis occurs, the organization uses scientific means to reduce the negative impac

参考:来源:公共关系public relations.docx|专业:工商管理|课程:公共关系public relations

公共选修课·大数据应用与分析 · 公共选修课(1

专业:工商管理 | 课程:公共选修课·大数据应用与分析

核心内容
大数据应用与分析Big Data Applicants and Analyse
If my memory served, this course was a practical class.
如果我记得没错的话,这门课程更偏向于实践,在课程的结束我们写了一篇论文作为考核方式
Which means we were not learning many theoretical things such as concept in class
,to get the information we want ...书写爬虫代码
At the end of the course, we wrote a paper as an assessment method
It’s mainly about two parts : that is accessing data and data analyse
You know,Mine paper concerned about the tourism ,
I analyse the distribution of tourists in famous tourist destinations and scenic spot in a fixed period in Nanjing and collect information about the feedback of the tourists (about their feeling )in order to give some suggestion to the tourism administration of China to solve many problems.
(一)Information searching
The method for searching information is multiple and diverse
1.During the class ,we were taught a lot of things about how to take advantage of Python to write a
code of “internet worm”,this is what I use to analyse and count some opinions of tourists on different reviewing page such as Weibo and Little red book in China.this can actually show some problems
If there are many comments about the environmental sanitation of the scenic spot, the scenic spot is high likely to have such problems/.
2.Baidu Index takes Baidu as the basic platform, updates the values every day, and displays keyword data in any period of time. The search index is calculated according to the number of times users use a keyword to search in a certain p

参考:来源:公共选修课(1.docx|专业:工商管理|课程:公共选修课·大数据应用与分析

公司治理corporate governance

专业:工商管理 | 课程:公司治理corporate governance

核心内容
公司治理corporate governance
一、概念:公司治理的定义是通过一套正式或非正式的制度或者机制来协调公司与所有利益相关者之间的利益关系,以保证公司决策的科学化,从而维护公司各方面利益。
Corporate governance is a set of formal or informal systems or mechanisms(机制) to coordinate the interests of the company and all stakeholders(利益相关者) in order to ensure the scientific decision-making of the company and thus to maintain the interests of all parties in the company.
(利益相关者stakeholders:企业的利益相关者主要包括企业股东、企业内部员工、债权人、供应商和零售商。
The stakeholders of the enterprise mainly include enterprise shareholders, internal employees, creditors, suppliers and retailers.)
公司治理的机制:Corporate governance mechanism:
决策机制:董事会是公司治理的决策机构,董事会被要求具有高度的独立性是因为一旦被几个大股东和机构所摆布,就会损害大多数小股东的利益,并影响公司治理。
1.decision-making mechanism: As the decision-making body of corporate governance, the board of directors is required to have a high degree of independence ,because once it is pushed around by a few major shareholders and institutions, it will damage the interests of the most of minority shareholders and affect the corporate governance.
监督机制:监督机制是公司所有者对经营者的经营行为和结果 进行有效审核与控制的 制度设计。
包括内部监督管理和外部监督,内部监督机制是指股东大会、董事会等监督机制;外部监督机制指媒体、中介机构等的监督机制
The supervision mechanism is the system design that the owner of the company use to check and control the manager’s operation behavior and result.
Including internal supervision and external supervision, internal supervision mechanism is the general meeting of shareholders, board of directors and other supervision mechanisms; External supervision mechanism is the media or s

参考:来源:公司治理corporate governance.docx|专业:工商管理|课程:公司治理corporate governance

创业管理

专业:工商管理 | 课程:创业管理

核心内容
创业管理 entrepreneurial management
一、概念:创业是指发现、创造和利用适当的创业机会,创立新的事业,并整合资源,把商机转化为盈利模式的过程或活动
Entrepreneurship is the process of identifying, creating and exploiting appropriate entrepreneurial opportunities to create new businesses and combining resources to turn business opportunities into profitable models
the characteristic of entrepreneurship创业的特征
find business opportunities
Integrate Resources(integrate personal skills like intelligence and money,products,service and dates)
Create value ( the Value lies in promoting economic and social development)
Action in advance(because the market is developing rapidly,if do not take timely action,its easy to lose the opportunity)
Customer orientation(because the enterprise's efforts and costs must be converted into profits and revenues through customers' purchases)
发现商机
整合资源(整合个人能力、金钱、产品、服务和数据)
创造价值(价值在于推动经济社会发展)
提前行动(因为市场是迅速发展的,如果没有及时采取行动就容易失去机会)
顾客导向(因为企业的付出和成本必须通过顾客的购买转化为利润和收入)
How to find business ideas,there are three methods to discover it)发现商业创意
I can use some famous company’s example to explain how they grab business ideas
1.capturing environmental changes抓住环境变化
For example,in society,because people are more and more concerned about health,so the new business ideas are health club,weight loss center or healthy food store.And the curves international company and GNC nutrition center are success because they found people's demand in fitness market。
2.find unresolved problems发现尚未解决的问题
e.g.:the famous company: Federal express corporat

参考:来源:创业管理.docx|专业:工商管理|课程:创业管理

员工招聘管理Staff recruitment Management · 副本员工招聘管理Staff recruitment Management

专业:工商管理 | 课程:员工招聘管理Staff recruitment Management

核心内容
员工招聘管理Staff recruitment Management
The definition of employee recruitment:
refers to the recruitment of excellent and suitable people into the enterprise according to the requirements of the business strategy planning, and put the right people in the right position.
员工招聘的定义:是指按照企业经营战略规划的要求把优秀、合适的人招聘进企业,把合适的人放在合适的岗位。
员工招聘的流程:
招聘准备阶段:组织内外部环境分析——制定相应招聘计划
实施阶段:招募人员——筛选应聘者——录用决策
评估阶段:对于上述过程进行总结(评估经济效率和时间效率),为之后的招聘工作提供有用经验。
Staff recruitment process:
1. Recruitment preparation : analyze the internal and external environment of the organization -- make recruitment plans
2. Implementation : recruiting personnel -- screening applicants --make hiring decisions
3. Evaluation : summarize the above process (evaluate economic efficiency and time efficiency), and provide useful experience for future recruitment work.
relationship
问题
常见的招聘渠道:现场招聘、网络招聘、校园招聘、内部招聘、人事外包
现场招聘:企业和人才通过第三方提供的场地,直接进行面对面的对话,现场完成招聘。比如应届毕业生专场和IT类人才专场。(限制范围)
On-site recruitment: Enterprises and applicants can have a face to face dialogue in the site provided by the government or talent agencies,and complete on-site recruitment. For example, fresh graduates and IT talent special session.
网络招聘:企业在企业网站或者专业招聘网站发布招聘信息,并进行简历筛选仔选择候选人。(不确定真实性)Enterprises publish recruitment information on corporate websites or professional recruitment websites, and screen the resume then choose candidates
校园招聘:企业到学校张贴海报,开展宣讲会,吸引即将毕业的学生前来应聘。(学生需要培训。)Campus recruitment: Companies put up posters in schools and carry out campus recruitment to attrac

参考:来源:副本员工招聘管理Staff recruitment Management.docx|专业:工商管理|课程:员工招聘管理Staff recruitment Management

生产运营管理 Production and operations management · 副本生产运营管理 Production and operations management

专业:工商管理 | 课程:生产运营管理 Production and operations management

核心内容
生产运营管理 Production and operations management
概念:生产运作管理是对生产运作系统的设计,运行与维护过程进行管理,
Production operation management is to manage the design, operation and maintenance process of the production operation system. It includes planning, organizing and controlling the production operation activities.
2.2生产设施选址Location of production facilities
就是要确定在何处建立服务生产设施,可以让供应基地、制造基地、仓储中心和配送中心的的综合布局优化。比如选择运输和人力成本费用最少,容易获得劳动力,并且社会稳定,气候适宜的地方
It is to determine where to locate the service production facilities, so that the integrated layout of supply base, manufacturing base, storage center and distribution center can be optimized. For example, choose a place where transportation and labor costs are minimized and labor is easily available, And the place with stable society and favorable climate.
生产系统的运行
3.1通过反复试验法制定生产大纲 make production outline by trial and error method
反复试验法:通过直觉或者经验得到一种方法,在实践这种方法时发现问题,并做出改进,再加以实践Develop a method through intuition or experience, identify problems as you practice it,then make improvements, and practice again.
3.2库存管理Inventory management
库存是为满足未来需求而暂时闲置的资源Inventory is resources that are temporarily idle to meet future demand
一要有完善的库存记录系统 a perfect inventory record system
二要有可靠的需求预测 reliable demand forecasts
三要确定有关费用 determined the relevant expenses(holding costs and ordering costs)
四要使用ABC分类法,即对于占资金多的物资加强控制,对于占资金少的物资实施宽松的管理 to strengthen the control of materials that account for more funds, and to implement loose control of materials that account for less funds
!4.绿色制

参考:来源:副本生产运营管理 Production and operations management.docx|专业:工商管理|课程:生产运营管理 Production and operations management

商务谈判

专业:工商管理 | 课程:商务谈判

核心内容
商务谈判
概念:商务谈判是指在商务活动中为满足各方经济利益而进行的谈判。Business negotiation is the negotiation in business activities to meet the economic interests of all parties.
学这门课的目的、好处:business negotiation is developed under the condition of commodity economy,without it, economic activity is hard to get going ,from the bargaining in daily life to the coorperation and communication between enterprises and countries.
商务谈判是在商品经济的条件下发展起来的,没有它,从日常生活中的议价到企业与国家之间的合作与交流,经济活动很难进行。
讲了什么知识:
商务谈判的类型:
一对一谈判one to one negotiation,(nagotiation bewteen a salesman and a customer)
小组谈判 team talks (the most commom type)
In my final exam,what we simulated was group negotiation,me and my team members have our own specific responsibilites.
大型谈判 large-scale negotiation
It are often used for negotiations between national projects, because of the potential impact on national prestige,it requires adequate preparations and have to including many senior advisors and professionais。这个经常用于国家项目之间的谈判,因为潜在的影响国家声誉,它需要充分的准备,并必须包括许多高级顾问和专业人员。
主场谈判和客场谈判:depending on the region of the negotiations there are also host negotiation and guest negotiation(the host negotiation is conducted in his own place, which can bring a lot of benefits to the host,not easily nervous in a familiar environment and You can rely on your own information channels and can easily communicate with your superiors.根据谈判区域的不同,也有主人谈判和客人谈判(主人谈判是在自己的地方进行的,这可以给主人带来很多好处,在熟悉的环境中不容易紧张,你可以依靠自己的信息渠道,可以很容易地与上级沟通。
谈判内容:the content of it is usually the price,quantity ,packing,mode of

参考:来源:商务谈判.docx|专业:工商管理|课程:商务谈判

国际贸易理论与实务 Theory and Practice of International Trade · 国际贸易理论与实务Theory and Practice of International trad

专业:工商管理 | 课程:国际贸易理论与实务 Theory and Practice of International Trade

核心内容
国际贸易理论Theory of International trade
第一部分:国际贸易理论
概念
国际贸易是世界各国之间货物和服务的交换活动。包括有形产品:实物产品和无形产品:服务、技术、咨询。
International trade is the exchange of goods and services between countries in the world. Including tangible products: physical products and intangible products: services, technology, consulting.
自由贸易理论
绝对优势理论:国际贸易原因是各国之间存在生产率和生产成本的绝对差异,各国要生产和其他国家相比生产劳动成本绝对低的商品来进行国际交换。
Theory of absolute advantage: The reason for international trade is that there are absolute differences in productivity and production costs among countries. Countries have to produce goods with absolutely low production costs than other countries for international exchange.
比较优势理论:国际贸易原因是各国间劳动生产率和生产成本的相对差异。各国要生产商品中相比较生产成本低的商品来进行国际交换。
Comparative advantage theory: The reason for international trade is the relative differences in labor productivity and production costs among countries. Countries are expected to produce the relatively low-cost goods for international exchange.
例子说明区别:
例如,A国每天可生产出土豆3000斤,手机4000台。b国每天可生产出土豆2000斤,手机2000台。
绝对优势就是a国在土豆和手机的生产量上都大于b国,所以a国相比b国拥有绝对优势。
那么比较优势就是,虽然b国生产两种商品的效率都低于a国,但是b国土豆的生产量比a国低1.5倍,b国手机的生产量比a国低2倍,所以相比之下,b国在生产土豆上拥有比较优势,a国在手机上拥有比较优势,双方交换后都能获得比较利益。
For example, Country A can produce 3,000 kilograms of potatoes and 4,000 mobile phones per day. Country B produces 2,000 kilograms of potatoes and 2,000 mobile phones per day.
Absolute advantage means that country A has greater production of potatoes and mobile phones than Country B, so Country A has absolute advantage over country B

参考:来源:国际贸易理论与实务Theory and Practice of International trad.docx|专业:工商管理|课程:国际贸易理论与实务 Theory and Practice of International Trade

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