专业知识库（按学科 / 专业 / 课程）
按学科门类筛选，可继续下钻到具体专业与课程；内容为各课程复习要点，用于面谈与笔试备考。
分子生物学（英文背诵稿）
核心内容
In this course, I've learned four parts. The first part is nucleic acid. The second part is DNA replication. The third part is transcription. The forth part is translation. In the first part, we can divide nucleic acids into two categories: DNA and RNA. DNA carries the genetic information necessary for the synthesis of RNA and proteins, and it is an essential biological macromolecule for the development and normal operation of organisms. The structure of DNA is the double helix structure. RNA just has one strand. We can divide it into three categories: mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. The main category is mRNA, which provides a template for protein synthesis and contains genetic codes. The second part is replication. DNA replicates during the period of mitosis or meiosis. The replication process of DNA is as follows. Firstly, two strands of DNA are divided by helicase. With a single chain as a template, according to the principle of base complementary, the sub chain is synthesized under the action of related enzymes. At last, one parent strand and one sub strand compose a new DNA. The third part is transcription. Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA with a determined single strand of DNA as a template in the action of RNA polymerase. The forth part is translation, which occurs in ribosome. Translation is the process of synthesizing amino acid sequence with a mRNA as a template.
In this course, I've learned two parts. The first part is nucleic acid. The second part is DNA replication. In the first part, we can divide nucleic acids into two categories: DNA and RNA. DNA carries the genetic information necessary for the synthesis of RNA and proteins, and it is an essential biological macromolecule for the normal operation and development of organisms. The structure of DNA is the double helix structure. The next category is RNA. RNA just has one strand. We can divide it into three categories: mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. The main category is mRNA, which provides a template for protein synthesis. The second part is replication. DNA replicates during the period of mitosis or meiosis. The replication process of DNA is as follows. First, two strands of DNA are divided by enzyme. Next, with a single chain as a template, according to the principle of base complementary, the sub chain is synthesized under the function of related enzymes. At last, one parent strand and one sub strand compose a new DNA.
The third part is transcription. Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA with a determined single strand of DNA as a template in the action of RNA polymerase. The forth part is translation, which occurs in ribosome. Translation is the process of synthesizing amino acid sequence with a mRNA as a template.
DNA is DeoxyriboNucleic Acid / diˌɑːksiˌraɪboʊnuːˈkleɪɪk /
Helicase /ˈhelɪkeɪz / 解旋酶
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：分子生物学
分子生物学实验（英文背诵稿）
核心内容
In this course, I did some experiments to help me learn molecular biology better. I will mainly talk about two experiments. The first is the Extraction and Detection of Plant DNA. The second is the Extraction and Detection of Plant RNA. In the first experiment, first, take 1 gram of fresh leaves, mill them with liquid nitrogen thoroughly. Next, put the leaves into a centrifuge tube and add a little extraction liquid. Next, add an appropriate amount of isopropanol into the centrifuge tube, mix well. Next, Centrifuge for 20 minutes to obtain precipitation, wash twice with 70% alcohol. Next, add an appropriate amount of TE buffer and 3 microliter RNAse, then mix well. At this time we can get DNA which is in the tube. Take 1 microliter DNA sample and add 1.5 microliter Loading Buffer solution. We can detect the DNA properties by electrophoresis. In the second experiment, first, take 1 gram of leaves, grind them with liquid nitrogen, and add 1 milliliter of Trizol reagent. Next, centrifuge for 10 minutes to remove sediment. Next, add 0.5 milliliter isopropanol. Next, centrifuge for 10 minutes and remove solution. Next, wash once with 70% alcohol and add a little SDS solution. At this time we can get RNA which is in the tube. Take 1 microliter DNA sample and add 1.5 microliter Loading Buffer solution and 4 microliter water processed by DEPC. We can detect the RNA properties by electrophoresis.
In this course, I did some experiments to help me learn molecular biology better. I will mainly talk about one experiment called the Extraction and Detection of Plant DNA. In this experiment, firstly, take 1 gram of fresh leaves and mill them with liquid nitrogen. Next, put the leaves into a centrifuge tube and add a little extraction solution. Next, centrifuge for 20 minutes to obtain sediments, wash them twice with 70% alcohol. Next, add some TE buffer and 3 microliter RNAse, then mix well. At this time we can get DNA which is in the tube. Take 1 microliter DNA sample and add 1.5 microliter Loading Buffer solution. We can detect the DNA properties by electrophoresis.
In the second experiment, first, take 1 gram of leaves, grind them with liquid nitrogen, and add 1 milliliter of Trizol reagent. Next, centrifuge for 10 minutes to remove sediment. Next, add 0.5 milliliter isopropanol. Next, centrifuge for 10 minutes and remove solution. Next, wash once with 70% alcohol and add a little SDS solution. At this time we can get RNA which is in the tube. Take 1 microliter DNA sample and add 1.5 microliter Loading Buffer solution and 4 microliter water processed by DEPC. We can detect the RNA properties by electrophoresis.
Centrifuge /ˈsentrɪfju:dʒ / 离心 Electrophoresis / ɪˌlektrofəˈrisɪs / 电泳
centrifuge tube 离心管 pipette 移液枪
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：分子生物学实验
生命科学仪器与技术（英文背诵稿）
核心内容
In this course, I've mainly learned two instruments - Mass Spectrometer and Electron Microscope. Mass spectrometer is mainly used in the research of protein identification. For example, we can identify the amino acid sequence of the protein, molecular weight, etc. Mass spectrometer has the advantages of higher sensitivity, higher accuracy, and automation. The machine mainly consists of three parts: ion source, mass analyzer, and detector. The second machine is electron microscope. We can use the electron microscope to observe something clearly which cannot be seen by a normal optical microscope such as virus. The most difference between electron microscope and optical microscope is that electron microscope replaces the light beam and optical lens of optical microscope with electron beam and electron lens. The electron microscope magnifies 1000 times on the basis of an optical microscope.
In this course, I've mainly learned two instruments - Mass Spectrometer and Electron Microscope. Mass spectrometer is mainly used in the research of protein identification. For example, we can identify the amino acid sequence of the protein, molecular weight, etc. Mass spectrometer has the advantages of higher sensitivity, higher accuracy, and automation. The machine mainly consists of three parts: ion source, mass analyzer, and detector. The second machine is electron microscope. We can use the electron microscope to observe something clearly which cannot be seen by a normal optical microscope such as virus. The most difference between electron microscope and optical microscope is that electron microscope replaces the light beam and optical lens (of optical microscope) with electron beam and electron lens. The electron microscope magnifies 1000 times than the optical microscope.
Spectrometer / spekˈtrɑːmɪtər / 分光仪
Mass Spectrometer 质谱仪 Electron Microscope 电子显微镜
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：生命科学大型仪器
基因工程原理与方法（英文背诵稿）
核心内容
In this course, we simply learned about Genetic Engineering. The general definition of genetic engineering is that transfer the modified gene into the receptor cell to make the recombinant gene express in the receptor cell. This technology can be used in various fields, such as food, medicine, industry, etc. There are two main technologies in genetic engineering. The fist one is PCR, and another one is recombinant DNA. PCR is Polymerase chain reaction, which is a molecular biological technology used to amplify specific DNA fragments. The simple steps of PCR are as follows. First, heat to 90 to 95 degrees centigrade to break the double helix of DNA. Then, cool down to 40 to 60 degrees centigrade to combine the primers with the templates. Next, heat to 70 to 75 degrees and add Taq DNA polymerase. At last, repeat the steps outlined above. The characteristics of PCR include strong specificity, high sensitivity, simplicity and speed. In the section two, Recombinant DNA technology refers to combine genes from one organism with the carriers, and then transfer them into another organism. The simple operating steps are as follows. First, extract target genes. Then, combine target genes with carriers. Then, transfer them into the receptor cell. At last, detect the expression of the target genes.
In this course, I simply learned about Genetic Engineering. There are two main technologies in genetic engineering. The fist one is PCR, and another one is recombinant DNA. PCR is Polymerase chain reaction, which is a molecular biological technology used to amplify specific DNA fragments. The simple steps of PCR are as follows. First, heat to 90 degrees centigrade to break the double helix structure of DNA. Then, cool down to 50 degrees centigrade to combine the primers with the templates. Next, heat to 70 degrees centigrade and add Taq DNA polymerase. At last, repeat the steps outlined above. The second technology is Recombinant DNA, Recombinant DNA technology refers to combine genes from one organism with the carriers, and then transfer them into another organism. The simple operating steps are as follows. First, extract target genes. Then, combine target genes with carriers. Then, transfer them into the receptor cell. At last, detect the expression of the target genes.
The general definition of genetic engineering is transferring the modified gene into the receptor cell to make the recombinant gene express in the receptor cell. This technology can be used in various fields, such as food, medicine, industry.
The characteristics of PCR include strong specificity, high sensitivity, simplicity and speed.
PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction Polymerase /ˈpɑ:lɪməˌreɪs / 聚合酶
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：基因工程（基因操作与DNA重组技术）
热力学 / 熵与热力学第二定律
核心内容
熵度量系统无序度；孤立系统熵不减（熵增原理）。
常见口试问答（中文要点）
解释熵增原理与生活实例(如热量自发从高温流向低温)；熵不是"混乱"的模糊说法，而是可计算的态函数。
英文答题要点（考官关注）
Define entropy; state the 2nd law; give a real example (heat flow, mixing).
物理学（英文背诵稿）
核心内容
In this course, I've learned some basic principles in physics. I will introduce them from three sections. Section one is Dynamics. Section two is Thermodynamics. Section three is optics. There are three basic laws in dynamics. The first law is that any object remains stationary or maintains uniform linear motion until it is forced to change this state by the force of another object. The second law is that when an object is subjected to an external force, it will generate an acceleration in the same direction as the external force. The magnitude of the acceleration is proportional to the magnitude of the external force and inversely proportional to the inertial mass of the object. The third law is that on the same straight line the forces and reactions between two objects are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. There are three basic laws in Thermodynamics. The first law of thermodynamics is the law of conservation of energy. The second is that heat can be spontaneously transferred from a high-temperature object to a cooler object, but it cannot be reversed. The third law is that absolute zero cannot be reached. In the third section optics. I have known that light has wave-particle duality, which means that light has both the properties of waves and the properties of particles. Light can interfere and also diffract, which is its properties of waves. Photoelectric effect can be created by light, which is its properties of particles.
In this course, I've learned two parts. The first part is Dynamics. The Second part is optics. There are three basic laws in dynamics. The first law is that any object remains stationary or maintains uniform linear motion until it is forced to change this state by the force of another object. The second law is that when an object is subjected to an external force, it will generate an acceleration in the same direction as the external force. The third law is that on the same straight line the forces and reactions between two objects are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. In the second part. Light has wave-particle duality, which means that light has both the properties of waves and the properties of particles. Light can interfere and also diffract, which is its properties of waves. Photoelectric effect can be created by light, which is its properties of particles.
The magnitude of the acceleration is proportional to the magnitude of the external force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.
There are three basic laws in Thermodynamics. The first law of thermodynamics is the law of conservation of energy. The second is that heat can be spontaneously transferred from a high-temperature object to a cooler object, but it cannot be reversed. The third law is that absolute zero cannot be reached.
Linear /ˈlɪniər / 直线的 Duality / duːˈæləti / 二象性 interfere /ˌɪntərˈfɪr / 干涉 Diffract / dɪˈfrækt / 衍射
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：物理学
量子力学 / 波函数与叠加
核心内容
微观粒子状态由波函数描述，满足叠加原理；|ψ|² 给出概率密度。
常见口试问答（中文要点）
讲清波函数的概率诠释(Born 规则)与叠加原理；可举双缝干涉说明。
英文答题要点（考官关注）
Wavefunction; superposition principle; Born rule probability interpretation.
物理学实验（英文背诵稿）
核心内容
In this course, i did some experiments in physics. I will introduce two. The first one is verifying the law of conservation of mechanical energy. The second one is double slit interference experiment of light. In the first experiment, the experimental principle is that when an object falls freely, only gravity does work, and the gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy of the object are transformed into each other, while mechanical energy is conserved. Experimental steps are as follows. First, install the pointing timer. Then, tie one end of the paper tape with a heavy hammer, and pass the other end through the timer. Then raise the paper tape vertically to put the heavy hammer close to the timer. Then turn on the power and release the paper tape. At last, calculate the potential energy reduction and kinetic energy increase of each point and compare them. In the second experiment, the principle is that the light passes through two slits to form a pair of coherent light, which overlaps with each other to produce interference. The experimental steps as follows. First, install a double slit interferometer and light source. Then, turn on the light source to make the light pass through the double slits. At last, observe the screen. We can observe alternating stripes of light and dark. This is a verification experiment, through which we can verify light has the properties of waves.
In this course, i did some experiments in physics. I will introduce one experiment called double slit interference experiment of light. First, install a double slit interferometer and light source. Then, turn on the light source to make the light pass through the double slits. At last, observe the screen. We can observe alternating stripes of light and dark. This experiment proves that light has the properties of waves.
In the second experiment, first, install the pointing timer. Then, tie one end of the paper tape with a heavy hammer, and pass the other end through the timer. Then raise the paper tape vertically to put the heavy hammer close to the timer. Then turn on the power and release the paper tape. At last, calculate the potential energy reduction and kinetic energy increase of each point and compare them.
The principle is that the light passes through two slits to form a pair of coherent light, which overlaps with each other to produce interference.
The experimental principle is that when an object falls freely, only gravity does work, and the gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy of the object are transformed into each other, while mechanical energy is conserved.
Interferometer /ˌɪntərfɪˈrɑ:mətər / 干涉仪 Kinetic / kɪˈnetɪk / 运动的
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：物理学实验
免疫学（英文背诵稿）
核心内容
In this course, I’ve learned three sections. The section one is antigen. The section two is antibody. The section three is antigen antibody reaction. Firstly, in the first section, antigen is a substance that can stimulate the immune system to produce a specific immune response and bind specifically to corresponding antibodies or effector T cells. There are three main properties of antigen. First, generally, the larger the molecular weight is, the stronger the immunogenicity is. Second, antigen is mainly composed of protein. Third, The more complex the molecular structure is, the stronger the immunogenicity is. Vaccines are special antigens that enable the body to produce antibodies and immune cells. In the section two, antibody is immune protein which is produced by B cells under the interaction between antigen and the immune system, it can specifically bind to corresponding antigen. Antibody is a four peptide chain structural molecule composed of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. In the section three, antigen antibody reaction is a specific binding reaction between antigens and corresponding antibodies. This reaction can be divided into two stages: primary antigen-antibody reaction and secondary antigen-antibody reaction. In the first stage, antigen binds specifically to antibody in a very short time. The second stage will take a long time and there will be sediments in this stage.
In this course, I’ve learned two parts. The first part is antigen. The second part is antibody. In the first part, antigen is a substance that can stimulate the immune system to produce a specific immune response and bind specifically to corresponding antibodies or effector T cells. There are three main properties of antigen. First, generally, the larger the molecular weight is, the stronger the immunogenicity is. Second, the more complex the molecular structure is, the stronger the immunogenicity is. Third, antigen is mainly composed of protein. Vaccines are special antigens that enable the body to produce antibodies and immune cells. In the second part, antibody is immune protein which is produced by B cells under the interaction between antigen and the immune system, it can specifically bind to corresponding antigen. Antibody is a four peptide chain structural molecule composed of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains.
Antigen / ˈæntɪdʒən / 抗原 immunogenicity /ɪmjʊnoʊdʒɪ'nɪsɪtɪ / 免疫原性
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：免疫学
免疫学实验（英文背诵稿）
核心内容
In this course, i did several experiments to help me learn immunology better. I will mainly introduce one experiment. The experiment is Identification of ABO blood type. Blood type is decided on the type of specific antigen on the red blood cell membrane. In the ABO blood type system, the antigens on the red blood cell membrane are divided into two types: A and B, and the antibodies are also divided into two types: A and B. A antigen can bind to A antibody. The same is true of B. In the ABO blood type system, according to whether the red blood cell membrane contains A or B antigen, it can be divided into four types: A, B, AB and O. Type O: don’t have A or B antigen; have A and B antibodies. Type A: have A antigen without B; have B antibody without A. Type B: have B antigen without A; have A antibody without B. AB type: have A and B antigens, don’t have A and B antibodies. The experimental steps are as follows. First, take two glass slides, clean them carefully, and add one drop of type A and type B standard serum respectively. Then, add one drop of the blood on each of the two glass slides. Then, mix the solutions well on each of the two glass slides. At last, put two glass slides on a microscope to observe whether binding reaction will occur.
In this course, I did some experiments to help me learn immunology better. I will mainly introduce one experiment. The experiment is Identification of ABO blood type. Blood type is decided on the type of specific antigen on the red blood cell membrane. In the ABO blood type system, the antigens on the red blood cell membrane are divided into two types: A and B, and the antibodies are also divided into two types: A and B. A antigen can bind to A antibody. So is B. In the ABO blood type system, blood type can be divided into four types: A, B, AB and O. Type A: have A antigen without B; have B antibody without A. Type B: have B antigen without A; have A antibody without B. AB type: have A and B antigens, don’t have A and B antibodies. Type O: don’t have A or B antigen; have A and B antibodies. The experimental steps are as follows. First, take two glass slides, and add one drop of type A and type B standard serum respectively. Then, add one drop of the blood on each of the two glass slides. Then, mix the solutions well. At last, put two glass slides on a microscope to observe whether binding reaction will occur.
Serum / ˈsɪrəm / 血清
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：免疫学实验
毕业实习与毕业论文（英文背诵稿）
核心内容
The name of my dissertation is Effects of Endophytic Fungi on the Growth of Roegneria kamoji and their Proteomic Differential Expression Profiles. Some endophytic fungus could improve biomass of host.By heat treatment, endophyte-infected （EI）and endophyte-free （EF）Roegneria kamoji plants were established. After field test, we found that EI R. kamoji plants grow more vigorous and leaves were wider,but there was no significant difference between the plant height. At the same time, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to determine the difference of proteins between EF and EI plants. We found a suitable method for extraction of Roegneria kamoji and a suitable condition of two-dimensional electrophoresis for the roegneria kamoji system. The experiment is divided into two section. The section one is Field trial. The section two is proteome experiment. In the section one, firstly, select some seeds containing endophytic fungi, and put half of them into a 50 degrees centigrade incubator for 24 hours to remove endophytic fungi. Then, germinate seeds and transplant two kinds of seeds to the field. Then, select 20 plants from each kinds of plants and record the data of them once a month including plant height, leaf width,stem diameter,etc. In the section two, firstly, extract all proteins from roegneria kamoji. Then, analyze the protein quantitatively. Then, analyze the extracted protein by 2-DE under various conditions. The results of this experiment are follows. First, Endophytic Fungi E. Sinica can improve the nutritional growth of roegneria kamoji to a certain degree. Second, TCA/acetone precipitation method has a better effect on protein extraction among preparation methods of plant two-dimensional electrophoresis protein samples. In subsequent experiments, we can use this method to extract proteins and do further experiments on them.
The name of my dissertation is Effects of Endophytic Fungi on the Growth of Roegneria kamoji and Differential Expression of proteins. The experiment is divided into two section. The section one is Field trial. The section two is protein research. In the section one, firstly, select some seeds containing endophytic fungi, and put half of them into a 50 degrees centigrade incubator for 24 hours to remove endophytic fungi. Then, germinate seeds and transplant two kinds of seeds to the field. Then, select 20 plants from each kinds of plants and record the data of them once a month including plant height, leaf width, stem diameter, etc. In the section two, firstly, extract all proteins from roegneria kamoji. Then, analyze the protein quantitatively. Then, analyze the extracted protein by 2-DE(two-dimensional electrophoresis) under various conditions. The results of this experiment are as follows. First, Endophytic Fungi E. can improve the nutritional growth of roegneria kamoji to a certain degree. Second, TCA/acetone precipitation method has a better effect on protein extraction among preparation methods of plant two-dimensional electrophoresis protein samples. In subsequent experiments, we can use this method to extract proteins and do further experiments on them.
Height / haɪt / width/ wɪdθ /
Endophytic /endəʊˈfɪtɪk / 内生植物的 Roegneria [rəʊɡ'niəriə] 鹅观草属 Proteomic [p'rəʊtiːəʊmɪk] 蛋白质组 electrophoresis [ɪˌlektroʊfə'riːsɪs] 电泳
Acetone /ˈæsɪtoʊn / 丙酮 precipitation 沉淀
Some endophytic fungi could improve biomass of host. By heat treatment, endophyte-infected （EI）and endophyte-free （EF）Roegneria kamoji plants were established. After field test, we found that EI R. kamoji plants grow more vigorous and leaves were wider, but there was no significant difference between the plant height. At the same time, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to determine the difference of proteins between EF and EI plants. We found a suitable method for extraction of Roegneria kamoji and a suitable condition of two-dimensional electrophoresis for the roegneria kamoji system.
Endophytic /endəʊˈfɪtɪk / 内生植物的 Roegneria [rəʊɡ'niəriə] 鹅观草属 Proteomic [p'rəʊtiːəʊmɪk] 蛋白质组 electrophoresis [ɪˌlektroʊfə'riːsɪs] 电泳
Acetone /ˈæsɪtoʊn / 丙酮 precipitation 沉淀
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：毕业实习与毕业论文
生物统计学（英文背诵稿）
核心内容
Biostatistics is not like traditional course in which we study some principles or some experimental methods. This course is more like a tool, like python or Java. It can helps us in various researches. Biostatistics uses the principles and methods of mathematical statistics to analyze and explain various phenomena and data in the biological world in order to find its basic laws and the best solution. Biostatistcs can be used in many fields such as agriculture or drug discovery. For example, we can find the best pesticide usage for one kind of crops. Next, I will simply introduce one model called normal distribution, like this. Three are three characteristics of this model. First, this point is average. Second, there are little extreme values. Third, standard deviation determines “fat or thin”.
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：生物统计学
生物信息学（英文背诵稿）
核心内容
This course is the first time our university offered. The teacher didn’t have much experience about how to teach us. I just have a simple understanding about this course. Bioinformatics is also a tool in biological researches. Biostatistics is the foundation of this course. Bioinformatics uses computer science to solve biological problems. It is mainly used in genomics and proteomics. After studying this course, I started to be really interested in bioinformatics. I know programming skill is very important in this course. So I decided to self study python this year.
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：生物信息学
病毒学（英文背诵稿）
核心内容
In this course, I’ve learned two parts. The first part is the basic knowledge about virus. The second part is the simple circle of the virus. In the first part, virus is a kind of non cellular organism. Virus is so small that we can only observe it by using the electron microscope. The components of virus are nucleic acid and protein. Further more, each virus only contains one kind of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA. Virus can only synthesize its own genetic materials and proteins in host cells. In the second part, the circle of the virus is as follows. Firstly, the virus binds to the host cell. Next, the virus injects its DNA or RNA(, depending on what kind of genetic material it has,) into the cell. Next, genetic material of the virus will combine with the DNA of the host cell. Next, the genetic materials of the virus will replicate as the host cell replicating and the host cell will synthesize the proteins of the virus. At last, the host cell makes so many copies of the virus that it can cause the cell membrane of the host to rupture and explode. These new copies of virus will get out of the cell to bind new host cells.
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：病毒学
生物科学专业词汇表（英汉对照）
核心内容
Titration /taɪˈtreɪʃn/ 滴定 hydroxide /haɪˈdrɑːksaɪd / 氢氧化物
Benzene /ˈbenziːn/ 苯 Amine / əˈmin / 胺
amino / əˌmiːnoʊ / 氨基的
Spinach /ˈspɪnɪtʃ/ 菠菜 quicklime / ˈkwɪklaɪm / 生石灰 alcohol ether / ˈiːθər / 醇醚，石油醚
evaporating dish 蒸发皿 extraction tube 萃取管
chromatographic column / kroʊˌmætəˈɡræfɪk / / ˈkɑːləm / 色谱柱 beaker 烧杯
Ultraviolet /ˌʌltrəˈvaɪələt / 紫外线 enzyme / ˈenzaɪm / 酶
Catalytic /ˌkætəˈlɪtɪk / 催化的
DNA: DeoxyriboNucleic Acid / diˌɑːksiˌraɪboʊnuːˈkleɪɪk / enzyme / ˈenzaɪm / biocatalyst / ˌbaɪoˈkætəlɪst /
Pisces /ˈpaɪsi:z/ 鱼纲 viviparous / vɪˈvɪpərəs / 胎生的
lactation / lækˈteɪʃ(ə)n / 哺乳
Epidermis / ˌepɪˈdɜːrmɪs / 表皮
metabolic / ˌmetəˈbɑːlɪk / 新陈代谢的 nucleus /ˈnu:kliəs / 细胞核
ribosome / ˈraɪbəsoʊm / 核糖体
mitochondria /ˌmaɪtoˈkɑndrɪr / 线粒体 aerobic / eˈroʊbɪk / 有氧的 chloroplast/ˈklɔ:rəplæst / 叶绿体 organelle /ˌɔ:rɡəˈnel/ 细胞器
Iodine / ˈaɪədaɪn / 碘液 Dropper 滴管
Nucleotide /ˈnu:kliətaɪd / 核苷酸 helix /ˈhi:lɪks / 螺旋结构
Tertiary /ˈtɜ:rʃəri / 第三级的 genome /ˈdʒi:noʊm / 基因组
Mitosis / maɪˈtoʊsɪs / 有丝分裂
Hybridization /ˌhaɪbrɪdaɪˈzeɪʃn / 杂交 larvae /ˈlɑ:rvi: / 幼虫 larva复数
culture flask 培养瓶 incubator 恒温箱
Prokaryotic / proʊkeriˈɑːtɪk / 原核的 cytoplasm /ˈsaɪtoʊplæzəm / 细胞质
Flagella / fləˈdʒelə / 细胞质 fungi /ˈfʌŋɡiː / 真菌
Eukaryotic / juːkeriˈɑːtɪk / 真核的 organelle /ˌɔ:rɡəˈnel/ 细胞器
Peptone /ˈpepˌtoʊn / 蛋白胨 sterilize /ˈsterəlaɪz / 消毒，灭菌
purification /ˌpjʊrɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n / 纯化 suspension / səˈspenʃ(ə)n / 悬浮液
inoculate / ɪˈnɑ:kjuleɪt / 接种 inoculating loop 接种环
Potassium / pəˈtæsiəm / 钾
DNA is DeoxyriboNucleic Acid / diˌɑːksiˌraɪboʊnuːˈkleɪɪk /
Helicase /ˈhelɪkeɪz / 解旋酶
Centrifuge /ˈsentrɪfju:dʒ / 离心 Electrophoresis / ɪˌlektrofəˈrisɪs / 电泳
centrifuge tube 离心管
Spectrometer / spekˈtrɑːmɪtər / 分光仪
Mass Spectromete 质谱仪 Electron Microscope 电子显微镜
PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction Polymerase /ˈpɑ:lɪməˌreɪs / 聚合酶
Linear /ˈlɪniər / 直线的 Duality / duːˈæləti / 二象性 interfere /ˌɪntərˈfɪr / 干涉 Diffract / dɪˈfrækt / 衍射
Interferometer /ˌɪntərfɪˈrɑ:mətər / 干涉仪 Kinetic / kɪˈnetɪk / 运动的
Antigen / ˈæntɪdʒən / 抗原 immunogenicity /ɪmjʊnoʊdʒe'nɪsɪtɪ / 免疫原性
Serum / ˈsɪrəm / 血清
Height / haɪt / width/ wɪdθ /
Endophytic /endəʊˈfɪtɪk / 内生植物的 Roegneria [rəʊɡ'niəriə] 鹅观草属 Proteomic [p'rəʊtiːəʊmɪk] 蛋白质组 electrophoresis [ɪˌlektroʊfə'riːsɪs] 电泳
Acetone /ˈæsɪtoʊn / 丙酮 precipitation 沉淀
evaporating dish 蒸发皿 extraction tube 萃取管
chromatographic column / kroʊˌmætəˈɡræfɪk / / ˈkɑːləm / 色谱柱 beaker 烧杯
Dropper 滴管 culture flask 培养瓶 incubator 恒温箱
inoculating loop 接种环 centrifuge tube 离心管
Mass Spectromete 质谱仪 Electron Microscope 电子显微镜
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：生物科学专业词汇