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Selected Topics for the Linguistics of German德语语言学专题

专业:德语 | 课程:Selected Topics for the Linguistics of German德语语言学专题

核心内容
Phonology: How do we recognize speech? (Was tun wir, um Laute zu erkennen?) Speech sounds(Sprachlaut)= The production of primitive sound(Rohschallerzeugung)+Articulation Speech understanding(Lautverstehen):=Speech sounds(Sprachlaut)+Identify the feature of the meaning distinction The task of Phonology: Research the understanding and meaning of speech sounds(Lauten). Recognizing phoneme(识别音素) Phoneme is the smallest linguistic with the function of meaning differentiation. (音位是具有区分意义功能的最小语言单位。) The most important method for recognizing phoneme is minimal pair analysis(最小对立对). Minimal pair are pairs of words with different meaning or grammatical categories that differ only in one sound. For example: Dichter诗人--Richter法官 Phonology Analysis Creating phoneme system (创建音素系统) Recognizing homophone(识别同音字) The word in the Lexicon can be simple or complex. Lexical units and lexicalization Usually no rules apply to lexical. Lexicon in language system Every language system has rules. People can create new words according to the rules. Lexicon in linguistics means a part of a language system. Lexicon and Dictionary Dictionary is a Lexicon that follows certain rules. Selected Topics for the Linguistics of German 德语语言学专题 In Old Spanish times it was called Ladino “Latein" the name of "Spanish" Because the Castili language is dominant, it was also called "Castellano". In 1925, it was officially called "Español". Situation of the language the situation of ethnograthy(人种学) Spanish is mainly sp

参考:来源:Selected Topics for the Linguistics of German德语语言学专题.pdf|专业:德语|课程:Selected Topics for the Linguistics of German德语语言学专题

Sino-German Intercultural Studies and Mangement中德跨文化研究和管理

专业:德语 | 课程:Sino-German Intercultural Studies and Mangement中德跨文化研究和管理

核心内容
Period 1 ecstasy/Euphorie 欣喜若狂 People in this period will be in a state of excitement, and think that everything is new and interesting. Intercultural Trainings (跨文化训练) Cultural shock Period 2 disappointment/ Enttäuschung 失望 Period 3 learning Period/Learnphase 学习时期 Excitement is followed by disappointment. Because people don't feel a sense of belonging abroad. And the locals can't understand this feeling either. After disappointment, people begin to try to fit in with the foreign environment. There are three outcomes that follow this Period. The first one is complete adaption, people will return to excitement. The second one is to get over the disappointment and live normally. The third one is that, he becomes more disappointed and unable to carry on the life abroad. Sino-German Intercultural Studies and Mangement 中德跨文化研究和管理 Intercultural Management(跨文化管理) Jürgen Bolten: 2 conditions for successful intercultural management Intercultural awareness(跨文化意识) For example, people need to understand whether social relationships need to be established before communication. Intercultural competence(跨文化能力) recognize different communication styles recognize misunderstanding We'll think about it later. In China it means"no".

参考:来源:Sino-German Intercultural Studies and Mangement中德跨文化研究和管理.pdf|专业:德语|课程:Sino-German Intercultural Studies and Mangement中德跨文化研究和管理

Unternehmerisches Denken und Handeln 创业思维和实践

专业:德语 | 课程:Unternehmerisches Denken und Handeln 创业思维和实践

核心内容
The theme of creating and operating a company runs through the whole course. Das Thema Gründung und Betrieb eines Unternehmens zieht sich durch den gesamten Kurs. 创建和运营公司的主题贯穿于整个课程。 Our Task in this course is: Simulate the operation of a surfboard company Aufgabe: Simulation des Betriebs eines Surfboard-Unternehmens 模拟运营一家冲浪板公司 Form: in group (3-4 students) Form: in der Gruppe (3-4 Studenten) The company nam: Waverunner Die Firma Name: Waverunner Capital: Virtual currency 10,000EUR Kapital: Virtuelle Währung 10.000EUR Target customers: Young and fashionable girl Zielgruppe: Junge und modische Mädchen Reason: There are many different surfboards on the market, but most of them are not suitable for girls. The surfboards on the market are too large and difficult to control. Our goal is customization. Customized according to the needs of girls, provide more comfortable and high-quality surfboards for girls. Grund: Es gibt viele verschiedene Surfboards auf dem Markt, aber die meisten von ihnen sind nicht für Mädchen geeignet. Die surfboard auf dem Markt sind zu groß und schwer zu kontrollieren. Unser Ziel ist die Anpassung. Maßgeschneidert nach den Bedürfnissen von Mädchen, bieten komfortablere und hochwertige Surfboards für Mädchen. 现在市场上有很多不同的冲浪板,但是大多 都不适合女孩,市面上的冲浪板都太大而且 很难控制。我们的目标是定制化。根据女孩 的需求定制,为女孩提供更舒适、更优质的冲浪板。 Unternehmerisches Denken und Handeln 创业思维和实践 At the beginning, the company was in a state of loss. My classmates and I analyzed the reasons. First of all, this course is

参考:来源:Unternehmerisches Denken und Handeln 创业思维和实践.pdf|专业:德语|课程:Unternehmerisches Denken und Handeln 创业思维和实践

Unternehmerisches Denken und Handeln 创业思维和实践(2)

专业:德语 | 课程:Unternehmerisches Denken und Handeln 创业思维和实践

核心内容
· Kursrahmen: Unternehmerisches Denken und Handeln (创业思维与实践)
 · Leitmotiv: Gründung und Betrieb eines Unternehmens (创建与运营公司) zieht sich durch den gesamten Kurs.
 · Ziel: praxisnahe Simulation unternehmerischer Entscheidungen.

· Aufgabe: Simulation eines Surfbrett-Unternehmens (模拟冲浪板公司)
 · Form: Gruppenarbeit mit 3–4 Studierenden.
 · Unternehmensname: Waverunner.
 · Startkapital: virtuelle Währung 10.000 EUR.
 · Zielkundengruppe: junge, modebewusste Mädchen (年轻时尚女性).
 · Begründung der Nische (市场定位理由):
  · Auf dem Markt existieren viele verschiedene Surfboards, die meisten sind jedoch für Mädchen ungeeignet.
  · Marktübliche Bretter sind zu groß und schwer zu kontrollieren.
  · Strategie: Customization (定制化) – Anpassung an die Bedürfnisse von Mädchen.
  · Zielprodukt: komfortablere und hochwertigere Surfboards für Frauen.

· Geschäftslage (经营情况)
 · Anfangsphase: Verlustsituation (亏损状态).
 · Ursachenanalyse (原因分析):
  · Der Kurs findet im Wintersemester statt → niedrige Temperaturen → weniger Urlaub und Surfen → geringe Absatzmenge.
  · Die Marke ist neu gegründet → geringe Bekanntheit und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit → schlechte Geschäftslage in der Frühphase.
 · Maßnahme zur Trendwende:
  · Investition von 5.000 EUR in Werbung (广告费用).
  · Verstärkte Publicity und Promotion gegenüber weiblichen Nutzern auf Social-Media-Plattformen (社交网站).
 · Ergebnis: Wandel von Verlust zu Gewinn (由亏转盈).

· Reflexion / Lernergebnis (亮点与反思)
 · Der Kurs wird als sehr interessant bewertet.
 · Eigene Einschätzung: geringe wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Vorkenntnisse erschweren das Verständnis und die Anwendung von Geschäftsstrategien.
 · Unterstützung durch Gruppenmitglieder und Kommilitonen war sehr hilfreich für den Lernprozess.
 · Motivation: Wunsch, in Deutschland weiter Wirtschaftswissenschaften und wirtschaftsnahe Inhalte zu studieren.

· Kernbegriffe für Prüfung/Interview
 · Unternehmensgründung, Geschäftsbetrieb, Verlust/Gewinn, Startkapital, Zielgruppe, Customization, Werbeinvestition, Social-Media-Marketing, Markenbekanntheit, Wettbewerbsfähigkeit, Wintersemester-Einfluss auf Absatz.

参考:来源:Unternehmerisches Denken und Handeln 创业思维和实践(2).pdf|专业:德语|课程:Unternehmerisches Denken und Handeln 创业思维和实践

国际金融学(APS 复习) · APS1

专业:未定专业 | 课程:国际金融学(APS 复习)

核心内容
国际金融学 ·国际收支与国际收支平衡表 1、国际收支(BOP)广义定义:在一定时期内一国居民与非居民所进行的全部经济交易的 系统的货币纪录 2、国际收支平衡表:是系统的记录一国在一定时期内发生的国际经济交易项目及其金额的一种统计报表,由经常账户、资本和金融账户和净误差与遗漏组成,采用复式记账法,引起 本国外汇收入的交易记为贷方,引起本国外汇支出的交易记为借方。 3、国际收支平衡:理论上是自主性交易收入等于自主性交易支出,自主性交易包含经常账户的全部内容、直接投资、长期证券投资和短期资本投资(及资本和金融账户中剔除储备资产以外的部分) 4、国际收支均衡:指国内经济处于均衡状态下(充分就业和物价稳定)的自主性国际收支 平衡 5、国际收支不平衡原因:周期性不平衡、收入性不平衡、货币性不平衡、结构性不平衡和 临时性不平衡 International finance · Balance of payments and balance of payments Balance of payments (BOP) Broadly defined as a systematic monetary record of all economic transactions between residents and non-residents of a country over a given period of time Balance of payments: A statistical statement that systematically records the international economic transactions of a country in a certain period of time and their amounts. It consists of the current account, capital and financial accounts and net errors and omissions. It adopts the double-entry bookkeeping method.Transactions that give rise to foreign exchange receipts of the country are recorded as credits and transactions that give rise to foreign exchange expenditures of the country are recorded as debits. Balance of payments: In theory, discretionary transaction income equals discretionary transaction expenditure. Discretionary transaction includes all of the current account, direct investment, long-term portfolio investment and short-term capital investment (and the portion of the capital and financial account excluding reserve assets). Balance of 'international paymen

参考:来源:APS1.pdf|专业:未定专业|课程:国际金融学(APS 复习)

风险管理(APS 复习) · APS3(1

专业:未定专业 | 课程:风险管理(APS 复习)

核心内容
风险管理 ·风险管理概述 1、风险定义:是客观存在的,在特定情况下,特定期间内,某一事件导致的最终损失的不 确定性,具有客观性、损失性和不确定性。 2、可以分为纯粹风险和投机风险,纯粹风险是只有损失可能性而无获利可能性的风险,投机风险是指既存在损失的可能性也存在获利可能性的风险 ·风险识别:是指通过连续、系统、全面的识别、判断与分析,确定风险管理对象的风险类型、 受险部位、风险源、严重程度等 1、识别方法:现场调查、安全检查表、事故树分析等 ·风险评估首先确定风险评价目标,建立风险评价指标体系,然后选择风险评价方法与模型, 最后综合评价实施 ·风险管理措施可以分为控制型风险管理措施、融资型风险管理措施和内部型风险管理措施, 控制型风险管理措施包括风险回避、损失控制和风险转移;融资型风险管理措施包括保险、 套期保值等;内部型管理措施包括风险隔离、分散、复制等 risk management · Risk management overview 1、Risk definition: is an objective existence, in certain circumstances, in a specific period, the final loss of a certain event caused by the uncertainty, with objectivity, loss and uncertainty. 2、It can be divided into pure risk and speculative risk. Pure risk is the risk with only the possibility of loss but not the possibility of profit. Speculative risk is the risk that there is both the possibility of loss and the possibility of profit · Risk identification: refers to the determination of the risk types, risk parts, risk sources and severity of the risk management objects through continuous, systematic and comprehensive identification, judgment and analysis 1. Identification method: field investigation, safety check list, accident tree analysis, etc · Risk assessment first determines the risk assessment target, establishes the risk assessment index system, then selects the risk assessment methods and models, and finally implements the comprehensive evaluation · Risk management measures can be divided into control risk management measures, financing ri

参考:来源:APS3(1.pdf|专业:未定专业|课程:风险管理(APS 复习)

金融学(APS 复习) · Aps2

专业:未定专业 | 课程:金融学(APS 复习)

核心内容
金融学 financing ·货币与货币制度 货币:是固定的充当一般等价物的特殊商品,并体现一定的社会生产关系。货币的职能有价值尺度、流通手段、贮藏手段、支付手段和世界货币 Money and the monetary system 1、Money: it is a fixed special commodity that acts as a general equivalent, and reflects a certain social relations of production. The functions of money include value scale, means of circulation, means of storage, means of payment and world currency ·、信用和利率 信用:是以偿还和付息为条件的借贷行为,体现一定的债权债务关系 分类:商业信用(工商企业之间进行商品和劳务之间交易时,以延期支付、预付贷款、分期 付款、经销、代销、补偿贸易等形式提供的信用)和银行信用(指金融机构以货币形式,通过存款、贷款、贴现等业务活动提供的信息)。 利息和利率:利息是偿还贷款时超过本金的金额,利率是一定时期内利息额和本金的比率, 是衡量利息高低的指标 ·Credit and interest rates 1、Credit: is in the repayment and payment of interest as the condition of the lending behavior, reflecting a certain creditor's rights and debt relationship 2、Classification: commercial credit (between industrial and commercial enterprises between goods and services, to deferred payment, prepaid loans, installment, distribution, sales, compensation trade and the form of credit) and bank credit (refers to the financial institutions in monetary form, through deposits, loans, discount and other business activities to provide information). 3、Interest and interest rate: interest is the amount that exceeds principal when repaying a loan, interest rate is the ratio of interest amount and principal inside certain period, it is the index that measures the level of interest ·金融市场: 是货币资金融通和金融工具交易的场所,构成要素有金融市场的参与者、金融市场的金融工具、金融资产的价格、金融市场的组织方式和金融市场的监管机构 分为货币市场、资本市场、外汇生产和黄金市场 ·money market: 1、It is the place o

参考:来源:Aps2.pdf|专业:未定专业|课程:金融学(APS 复习)

CAD/CAM 计算机辅助设计与制造

专业:机械工程 | 课程:CAD/CAM 计算机辅助设计与制造

核心内容
CAD/CAM(计算机辅助设计与制造)复习笔记

一、英文全称与定义

· CAD 全称 Computer Aided Design,即计算机辅助设计,指利用计算机软硬件系统辅助工程技术人员完成产品设计、绘图、分析与优化的一门技术。
· CAM 全称 Computer Aided Manufacturing,即计算机辅助制造,指利用计算机辅助完成从工艺规划到数控加工的全过程,包括刀具路径生成、数控编程与机床控制。
· CAD/CAM 即将设计与制造两个环节通过统一的数字模型连接起来,实现从产品构思、建模、仿真到加工制造的一体化。

二、发展历程

· 早期阶段:以二维绘图为主,计算机仅替代手工图板,即所谓计算机辅助绘图。
· 三维造型阶段:出现线框建模、曲面建模与实体建模,设计对象由二维图纸变为三维数字模型。
· 集成阶段:CAD 与 CAM 通过统一数据模型打通,设计结果可直接用于数控编程,形成 CAD/CAM 集成系统。
· 现代阶段:进一步与 CAE(计算机辅助工程)、PDM(产品数据管理)、CAPP(计算机辅助工艺规划)融合,向数字化设计与智能制造方向发展。

三、系统组成

· 硬件:计算机主机、图形显示器、输入设备(鼠标、键盘、数字化仪、三维扫描仪)、输出设备(绘图仪、打印机)及数控机床等。
· 软件:系统软件与支撑软件,以及二维绘图、三维建模、仿真分析、数控编程等应用软件。
· 数据库:存储零件几何信息、材料参数、工艺数据、标准件库与刀具库,是 CAD 与 CAM 之间数据传递的桥梁。

四、典型功能模块

· 二维绘图:绘制工程图、标注尺寸与公差,是早期 CAD 的核心功能。
· 三维建模:包括线框、曲面与实体建模,是后续仿真与加工的基础。
· 装配设计:将多个零件按约束关系装配,检查干涉与配合。
· 有限元仿真(CAE):对模型施加约束与载荷,进行强度、刚度、模态、热分析等校核。
· CAM 数控编程:根据零件模型规划加工工艺,生成刀具轨迹。
· 后处理:将刀具轨迹转换为特定机床可识别的 G 代码(NC 代码)。

五、常用软件

· AutoCAD:以二维绘图见长,广泛用于工程制图。
· Creo(原 Pro/E):参数化实体建模,建模、装配、仿真、加工一体化。
· SolidWorks:界面友好,适合中小型机械产品设计。
· UG NX:CAD/CAM/CAE 集成度高,广泛用于模具与复杂曲面加工。
· CATIA:面向汽车、航空等复杂曲面与大型装配。
· ANSYS:主流有限元分析软件,用于结构、热、流体等仿真。

六、在机械制造中的作用与优势

· 提高效率与精度:数字模型替代手工绘图,减少人为误差。
· 缩短周期:设计与制造并行,减少反复试制。
· 降低成本:减少物理样机与废品率,节约材料与工时。
· 便于修改与优化:参数化模型修改后,图纸、仿真与加工程序可同步更新。

七、面试可展开的例子

· 例子一:用 Creo 完成零件三维建模后,导入 CAE 模块或 ANSYS 施加约束与载荷,进行强度与刚度校核,根据应力云图优化结构尺寸,再返回模型修改,实现设计—仿真—优化闭环。
· 例子二:在 Creo 或 UG NX 中完成建模后进入 CAM 模块,选择毛坯、刀具与切削参数,生成刀具轨迹,经后处理输出 G 代码,传输至数控机床完成实际加工,体现 CAD/CAM 一体化流程。

参考:来源:7d2fd65f0b361d161e13ef5e7f44934f.pdf|专业:机械工程|课程:CAD/CAM 计算机辅助设计与制造

CAD/CAM 计算机辅助设计与制造(2)

专业:机械工程 | 课程:CAD/CAM 计算机辅助设计与制造

核心内容
· 备考定位
 · 场景:面试;被考几率较小;简单性准备即可,重点掌握 CAD、CAE、CAM 三个基本概念及其关系。

· CAD(Computer-aided design,计算机辅助设计)
 · 又称 CADD(computer-aided design and drafting,计算机辅助设计与绘图);指利用计算机技术进行设计及设计文档化的过程。
 · Computer Aided Drafting(计算机辅助绘图):用计算机进行绘图的过程。
 · CADD 软件/环境提供输入工具,用于简化设计流程:drafting(绘图)、documentation(文档编制)、manufacturing processes(制造流程)。
 · 输出形式:常为电子文件,用于打印或 machining operations(机加工)。
 · 软件类型与行业相关:
  · 工业类软件(建筑、制造等)通常使用 vector-based(linear)环境(基于矢量的线性环境)。
  · 图形类软件使用 raster-based(pixelated)环境(基于栅格的像素化环境)。
 · 定位:CAD 是 Digital Product Development(DPD,数字产品开发)的一部分,处于 Product Lifecycle Management(PLM,产品生命周期管理)流程中;与其他工具集成或独立使用:
  · CAE(Computer-aided engineering,计算机辅助工程)与 FEA(Finite element analysis,有限元分析)
  · CAM(Computer-aided manufacturing,计算机辅助制造),含对 CNC(Computer Numerical Control,计算机数控)机床的指令
  · Photo realistic rendering(照片级真实感渲染)
  · 利用 PDM(Product Data Management,产品数据管理)进行文档管理与版本控制(document management and revision control)
 · 其他用途:制作照片模拟(photo simulations),用于 Environmental Impact Reports(环境影响报告)——将拟建建筑的 CAD 模型叠加到现有环境照片上;也用于 view corridors 遮挡分析与 shadow studies(阴影研究)。

· CAM(Computer-aided manufacturing,计算机辅助制造)
 · 常见定义:用计算机软件控制机床及相关机械以制造工件。
 · 广义定义:用计算机辅助制造工厂的所有操作,包括 planning(计划)、management(管理)、transportation(运输)、storage(仓储)。
 · 主要目的:加快生产流程,使零部件与工装尺寸更精确、材料一致性更高;某些情况下仅使用所需原材料(减少浪费),同时降低能耗。
 · 流程顺序:CAD →(有时经 CAE 验证)→ CAM;CAD 生成的模型、CAE 验证后的模型可输入 CAM 软件,由 CAM 控制机床。
 · 传统上 CAM 被视为 NC(numerical control,数控)编程工具:用 CAD 生成的 2-D/3-D 模型生成 G-code(G 代码)驱动 CNC 机床。
 · 简单设计(如 bolt circles 螺栓圆、basic contours 基本轮廓)无需导入 CAD 文件。
 · CAM 不取代制造工程师、NC 程序员、machinist(机加工人员)等专业人员;而是通过可视化、仿真与优化工具提升其生产力并培养新人员技能。

· CAE(Computer-aided engineering,计算机辅助工程;德文 rechnergestützte Entwicklung,计算机辅助开发)
 · 定义:涵盖技术领域工作流程中所有形式的计算机辅助手段,包括:
  · CAD(rechnerunterstützte Konstruktion,计算机辅助设计)
  · Digital Mock-Up(DMU,数字样机):Ein- und Ausbauuntersuchungen(装配/拆卸检查)、Kollisionsprüfungen(碰撞检查)、Baubarkeitsprüfungen(可制造性检查)
  · Diskretisierungssoftware(离散化软件):Erstellung von Berechnungsgittern(计算网格生成)
  · Kinematik- und Starrkörpersimulationen(运动学与刚体仿真)
  · Mehrkörpersimulation(MKS,多体仿真)
  · 零部件与组件的机械受力分析(FEM,有限元法)
  · Strömungssimulationen mit CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics,计算流体力学流动仿真)
  · Thermische Simulationen(热仿真,FEM 与 CFD)
  · Fluid Structure Interaction(FSI,流体-结构耦合,含流体、结构与热耦合)
  · Elektroniksimulationen(电子仿真:电路开发与仿真)
  · Elektromagnetismusimulationen(电磁仿真:FEM、FDTD、FIT)
  · Statistische Simulationen(统计仿真:Design for Six Sigma,六西格玛设计)
  · NC-Programmierung und -Simulation(数控编程与仿真,即 CAM)
  · Rechnergestützte Qualitätssicherung CAQ(计算机辅助质量保证)
  · Fertigungsprozesssimulationen(制造工艺仿真:computer-aided process engineering,CAPE)
  · Ergonemieanalyse(人机工程分析:Human Modeling,人体建模)
  · Verwaltung von Simulationsdaten(仿真数据管理:Simulationsdatenmanagement)

参考:来源:CAD.pdf|专业:机械工程|课程:CAD/CAM 计算机辅助设计与制造

APS 大四上

专业:机械工程 | 课程:APS 大四上

核心内容
企业专家讲座 Invited lectures from enterprises The purpose of this course is to let students not be limited to theoretical knowledge, but to get in touch with society and enterprises. The university invited some experts from enterprises and the school to introduce the advanced technology of enterprises and share some stories to us and improve students' social responsibility and broaden students' horizons What impressed me most was that our dean (地) made one of his patents for free. This patent could save large companies millions of dollars a year. This shows the social responsibility of an engineer . We were asked to write notes and comments. These materials are the basis of our final score. The reason I got a poor score is that maybe I didn't interact with experts because I don't like talking in front of many people. Another possibility is that what I wrote was not deep enough, just recorded what the experts said. 无机材料与人类文明进步 Inorganic materials and progress of human civilization This is a general education course. In this course we learned about the history and development of inorganic materials. Like volcanic ash, ceramics, and diamonds. 热质交换原理与设备 Heat and mass transfer principles and Equipment This is a specialized elective course. And it's an open book exam. Through this course, I learned the basic knowledge of mass and heat transfer. I learned about some equipment such as air conditioning 。 我们学习了热传递的三种方式,热对流,热传导,热辐射 。我会画一个简图来区分这三种方式。这是 火,如果我们把手放在火的上方,我们会感受到热量,这就是热对流。热对流的介质是流体

参考:来源:APS 大四上.pdf|专业:机械工程|课程:APS 大四上

APS 实践课

专业:机械工程 | 课程:APS 实践课

核心内容
电子工艺实习 Preliminary Circuit Implementaion 这是一门实践课,而且对我来说非常有意思。我们每个人都得到一包零件,一个电路板还有一个说明书。我们被要求做一个收音机,包括零件的装配和电路板的焊制。这对我来说就像在玩乐高,我只需要照着说明书一步一步。最后根据收音机的信号强弱打分 This is a practical course, and it is very interesting for me. Each of us gets a package of parts, ǒa circuit board and an instruction manual. We were asked to make a radio, including the assembly of parts and the welding of circuit boards. This is like playing Lego to me, I just need to follow the instructions step by step. Finally, score based on the strength of the radio signal 机械制造工艺 Mechanical manufacturing process design In this lesson we were asked to design a fixture . We were divided into many groups ,and four students a group .Our task is to design a milling jig for a workpiece . First we should know that the workpiece has six degrees of freedom. The fixture is used to fix the workpiece, and all six degrees of freedom need to be limited. The shape of the workpiece looks like this . So at the left of the jig , I choose a long V type block ,and on the right ,is a movable V type block , It has thread on it and can clamp the workpiece by turn the hand bar . At the bottom of the jig I used a self-support device . In the process of positioning, it can adapt to the positioning datum of the workpiece. And there are two U typ grooves on the bottom for fixing on the milling machine . And all the parts are the standard parts ,the parameter of them can be found on the book 机电控制综合设计实践 Mechanical and electrical control integrated

参考:来源:APS 实践课.pdf|专业:机械工程|课程:APS 实践课

APS 电子类

专业:机械工程 | 课程:APS 电子类

核心内容
电子技术基础 The base on electronics 通过这节课我学习了基本的电子元件,比如说 电阻,电容,二极管,这部分的重点是二极管的原理, 或者说是PN结的原理。还学习了逻辑电路和组合电路。 Through this class, I learned some basic electronic components, the focus is the diode, and we learned its working principle. such as PN junction 。I also learned about logic circuits and combinatorial circuits 二极管是用半导体材料制成的,它具有单向导电性能。功能的实现是通过PN结,。PN结就是将P型半导体与N型半导体制作在同一块半导体上,接触面上就形成了PN结。接反向电压时,内部电流一直增大,电子无法通过PN结. The diode is made of semiconductor material, which has unidirectional conductivity. The realization of the function is through the PN junction. This is a P-type semiconductor, and this is an N-type semiconductor and a PN junction is formed on the contact surface. When they touch, will diffuse. Will form a stable area The internal current direction is like this This area is the PN junction ,PN junction hinders the flow of electrons When we connect the forward voltage and the direction of the external current is like this, the PN junction will become smaller and smaller. The jammed vehicle becomes fewer and fewer In my understanding, the PN junction is like a traffic jam. It attracts most of the vehicles and cannot move, so the road is blocked. When we connect the reverse voltage, the traffic jam becomes more and more serious. 电阻可以分配电压,限制电流,保护电路 Resistor can distribute voltage, limit current, protect circuit 电容就像导体中的介质,则阻碍了电荷移动而使得电荷累积在导体上。电容越大,通过的频率也越高。电容的作用就是通交流隔直流 Capacitance is like the medium in a conductor, it hinders the movement of electric charge and makes t

参考:来源:APS 电子类.pdf|专业:机械工程|课程:APS 电子类

金属加工机床与机械制造基础 · APS 金属加工机床Fundamentals of machinery manufacturing

专业:机械工程 | 课程:金属加工机床与机械制造基础

核心内容
datum 基准 三个基准面 rotating 旋转 vector 矢量 deputy 副 velocity 速度 distinguish 区分 orthogonal 正交 tangent想切 perpendicular 垂直 impact 冲击 carbides 碳化物 alloy 合金 resistance molding materials brittle metal deformation Friction Angle Fundamentals of machinery manufacturing 这门课主要分为四个模块:金属切削的原理,金属切削的刀具,金属切削的过程 ,金属切削的方法和装备(各式机床) This course is mainly divided into four modules: the principle of metal cutting, the method of metal cutting, the cutting tool of metal cutting, and the equipment of metal cutting (various machine tools). 金属切削的原理:这个部分主要涉及的是基础概念 。例如:主运动和进给运动,三面两刀一 尖,还有三个基准面,两个重要的角度 ,还有切削层的三个参数。 Principles of metal cutting: This section is mainly about basic concepts. For example: main motion and feed motion, three sides, two edges, one point, and three datum(哋tum,基准) planes. and two important angles . 主运动是刀具和工件之间的主要的相对运动,一般来说只有一个。比如说车削时工件的旋转运动 The main motion is the main relative motion between the tool and the workpiece, generally there is only one. For example, the rotating motion of the workpiece during turning 三面两刀一尖:三面指的是前刀面,后刀面还有副后刀面。两刃指的是主切削刃还有副切削刃,一尖 指的是刀尖 Three sides, two knives and one point: the three sides refer to the front knife face, the back knife face and the deputy (da劈体,副)back knife face. The two edges refer to the main cutting edge and the deputy cutting edge, and one point refers to the tool nose . 如何区分三个面,我们可以画一个草图,根据书上的定义,切屑流过的表面为前刀面 How to distinguish the three sides,We can draw a rough draft . 还有三个基准平面 And there are three datum planes ,called the base plane, the c

参考:来源:APS 金属加工机床Fundamentals of machinery manufacturing.pdf|专业:机械工程|课程:金属加工机床与机械制造基础

APS力学

专业:机械工程 | 课程:APS力学

核心内容
材料力学 Mechanics of materials 1.特点:外力与杆的轴线重合 ,杆会沿着轴的方向变长或缩短。 然后我们学习了使用截面法求轴力 。首先将轴截开,取其中一段,然后受力分析,列出平衡方程 。 我们还需要知道,拉力为正,压力为负。 然后我们可以分段画出轴力图。 2. 外力偶矩的计算可以分为两种。一种是可以直接计算。另一种是对于传动轴 ,我们一般只知道功率和转速。所以我们需要根据功率和转速求出外力偶矩。我们需要列出等式,电机的输出功等于外力偶矩做的功。求出外力偶矩后,我们便可以用截面法,求得扭矩 。之后我们可以利用右手螺旋法则判断 扭矩的方向。并画出扭矩图。 3.外力与杆的轴线垂直。比如说对一个简支梁。通过受力分析,我们先求出A,B两点的支座反力 ,接着 我们利用截面法将杆分为两部分,列出关于力和力矩的平衡方程 。我们便可以求出一个力和一个力矩。这个力被称为剪力,这个力矩为弯矩。剪力顺时针为正,逆时针为负。如果弯矩使轴凹,为正, 反之为负。 Through this course, I have learned about the extension and compression of the rod, the torsional deformation of the rod, and the bending deformation of the rod. At the same time, we learned how to calculate axial force, torque, shear force, bending moment, and determine their direction. The first case is the tension and compression of the rod. The external force coincides with the axis of the rod Then we learned to use the section method to find the axial force. First cut off the shaft, take one section, and then analyze the force, and list the balance equation. In this way, we can calculate the axial force of a certain section.We also need to know that tension is positive and pressure is negative. Then we can draw the axial force diagram . 2. In this case, we must first calculate the external couple moment 。The calculation of external couple moment can be divided into two types. One is that it can be calculated directly. The other is for the drive shaft, we generally only know the power and speed. So we need to find the external couple moment accor

参考:来源:APS力学.pdf|专业:机械工程|课程:APS力学

APS大一

专业:机械工程 | 课程:APS大一

核心内容
工程图学 通过这门课我们主要学习了如何使用三视图来反应一个三维物体。还有一些绘图的基本规则,比如绘制可见轮廓线时使用粗实线。使用细实线绘制剖面线和尺寸线。比如说如何绘制螺栓和螺纹,但是我们发现这些都是标准件,当我们使用绘图软件时可以使用源文件 Engineering Graphics Through this course, we mainly learned how to use three views to reflect a three-dimensional object. There are also some basic rules for drawing, such as using thick solid lines when drawing visible contour lines. Use thin solid lines to draw section and dimension lines. For example, how to draw bolts and threads, how to draw gears, but we found that these are standard parts, we can use source files when we use drawing software 线性代数 线性代数 通过这门课我学习了行列式和矩阵的计算,但是现在我只能记住最简单的计算。 Linear algebra Through this course I learned the calculation of determinants and matrices, but now I can only remember the simplest calculations. 乘积C的第m行第n列的元素等于矩阵A的第m行的元素与矩阵B的第n列对应元素乘积之和。 高等数学 Because too much time has passed, I can't remember complicated formulas, I only remember some basic calculations now. Such as derivation ,differential and integral The geometric meaning of the derivative is the slope of the curve at a certain point and the formul like this

参考:来源:APS大一.pdf|专业:机械工程|课程:APS大一

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