专业知识库（按学科 / 专业 / 课程）
按学科门类筛选，可继续下钻到具体专业与课程；内容为各课程复习要点，用于面谈与笔试备考。
13 劳动关系-次重点-社会学
核心内容
社会学
注：建议直接背社会流动，如果问和劳动社会学的关系可以直接做对比
As the content of the basic course of sociology labor relations is too rich and diverse, I will select two parts for introduction.
Social interaction
The first part is social interaction refers to the social interaction between people, which can be divided into: The act of exchanging for something in return、The act of cooperating with each other to achieve a common goal、The act of fighting to defend one's own interests、The competitive act of cooperative conflict for the same goal under certain rules and the coercive act of imposing one's own will on others in order to achieve an advantage.
Social stratification and social mobility
The second part is social stratification and social mobility. Social stratification is the classification of people into high or low hierarchical sequences according to certain standard. Social mobility refers to the process in which a member of a society transfers from one social class or stratum to another. This process generally has two ways: one is the fundamental change of the social stratification structure through social revolution and the other is the class change completed by individual members under normal conditions.
Social mobility can be divided into vertical mobility, horizontal mobility, intergenerational mobility and intra-generational mobility. Vertical mobility refers to the class change of social members, which is mainly influenced by industrialization and education level. The higher the level o
参考：来源：13 劳动关系-次重点-社会学.docx｜专业：人力资源管理｜课程：13 劳动关系-次重点-社会学
动物学实验（英文背诵稿）
核心内容
In this course, I did some experiments to help me learn zoology better. I will talk about two experiments. The first is the use and maintenance of the microscope. The use of the microscope is as follows. First, put the microscope on the laboratory table. Second, turn on the light source and the power. Third, put the prepared slide onto the stage. Forth, use a low-power objective to find the target, and then use a low-power objective to observe it. Fifth, record data with one eye while observe with another eye. After finishing the experiment, we should wipe the eyepiece and objective lens clean with lens paper. Then store the microscope carefully. The second experiment is how to make mouse specimen. First, skin the mouse with a scalpel carefully. Second, smear preservative to the inside of the epidermis. Third, Insert iron wire into the mouse body to fix and support the epidermis. Forth, Fill the mouse epidermis with cotton. At last fix the specimen onto a wooden board and store it in a cool and dry place.
In this course, I did some experiments to help me learn zoology better. I will introduce one experiment called how to use microscope. The normal steps are as follows. First, put the microscope on the lab table. Then, turn on the light source and the power. Next, put the prepared slide onto the stage. Next, use a low-power objective to find the target, and then use a high-power objective to observe it. Next, record data with one eye while observe the target with another eye. After finishing the experiment, we clean the eye lens and objective lens with lens paper. And store the microscope carefully.
The second experiment is how to make mouse specimen. First, skin the mouse. Next, smear the preservative to the inside of the mouse skin. Next, insert iron wire into the mouse body to fix and support the mouse skin. Next, fill the mouse body with cotton. At last fix the specimen onto a wooden board and place it in a cool and dry place.
Epidermis / ˌepɪˈdɜːrmɪs / 表皮
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：动物学实验
14 劳动关系-次重点- 社会保障学
核心内容
社会保障学（Social security science）
This course is a basic course of social security in similar colleges. It mainly introduces the types of social security system and China's social security system.
社会保障的类型
The types of social security can be divided into five types: relief type, insurance type, welfare type, state-supported type and self-help type. The relief type, which is mainly distributed in African countries, usually involves directly distributing relief goods to people in need to tide them over；The insurance type originated in Germany and was later copied by Western Europe, the United States and Japan. It applies different protection standards to different members of society, and the cost is shared by the state, employers and employees；Welfare, pioneered in Britain and now popular in northern Europe, follows a cradle-to-grave principle, with the cost of spending largely financed by state taxes；state-supported type is a model pioneered by the Soviet Union, it is fully borne by the employer costs, workers do not have to pay security fees；The self-help model is popular in Singapore, Malaysia and other countries. It is a model in which individuals are responsible, and the cost of protection is paid by both employers and employees in proportion
参考：来源：14 劳动关系-次重点- 社会保障学.docx｜专业：人力资源管理｜课程：14 劳动关系-次重点- 社会保障学
动植物野外实习（英文背诵稿）
核心内容
I will introduce this course in two aspects, botany and zoology. In botany, I have learned how to make plant specimens. First, find a complete plant and dig it out. Then clean the plant’s surface carefully. Second, flatten the plant between two pieces of newspaper. Flatten and dry it. Third, paste the dried plant specimen onto a new white paper and write the plant name and some other information on the lower right corner of the paper. In zoology, I have learned how to make mouse samples. First, skin the mouse with a scalpel carefully. Second, smear preservative to the inside of the epidermis. Third, Insert iron wire into the mouse body to fix and support the epidermis. Forth, Fill the mouse epidermis with cotton. At last fix the specimen onto a wooden board and store it in a cool and dry place.
I will introduce this course in two aspects, botany and zoology. In botany, I have learned how to make plant specimen. First, find a complete plant. Then clean the plant’s surface carefully. Next, flatten the plant between two pieces of newspapers and air dry the plant. At last, paste the plant onto a new white paper and write the plant’s name and some other information on the paper. In zoology, I have learned how to make mouse specimen. First, skin the mouse. Next, smear the preservative to the inside of the mouse skin. Next, insert iron wire into the mouse body to fix and support the mouse skin. Next, fill the mouse body with cotton. At last fix the specimen onto a wooden board and place it in a cool and dry place.
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：动植物野外实习
15 劳动关系-次重点-其他杂项
核心内容
数理统计&统计学（抽样调查）
Sampling survey is to divide something into several parts and draw some samples to represent the whole. Compared with other methods, sampling survey has the characteristics of low cost and good effect. It is recognized as the most complete and scientifically based survey method used to represent the whole population among the non-comprehensive survey methods
追求幸福：基于中国伦理史视角（记得找例子，我这个是错误示范，他会说听不懂的）
This course is an elective course, taught by video on the Internet, and the final exam is made up of multiple choice questions. This paper discuss into the happiness view of Confucianism, Mohism, Buddhism and Taoism in traditional Chinese thoughts. In fact, the happiness in the title is not appropriate enough. After learning, I think satisfaction is more appropriate
会计学（白灭可能问）
会计核算的方法
1. Set Account - It is a method to perform classified accounting and supervision on specific contents of accounting objects.
2. Double entry bookkeeping - a method of recording two or more corresponding accounts at the same time in the same amount for each economic transaction.
3. Fill in and audit accounting vouchers
4. Register account book - a method to record and calculate the economic transactions in the account book in a continuous, complete and classified manner according to the approved accounting vouchers.
5. Cost calculation
6. Property inventory
7. Preparation of financial report
会计等式
1、Static accounting equation
Asset=liability+ owner's equity=equity
2、 Dynamic accounting equa
参考：来源：15 劳动关系-次重点-其他杂项.docx｜专业：人力资源管理｜课程：15 劳动关系-次重点-其他杂项
细胞生物学（英文背诵稿）
核心内容
Cell biology is the discipline that studies the structure and basic activity functions of cells. Cells have five basic functions. First, intake and utilization of energy. Second, perform metabolic activities. Third, respond to external signals. Forth, replicate and express genetic information. Fifth, cells are capable of mechanical movement. I will mainly introduce composition of eukaryotic cells. First, the nucleus, this is the main site for storing, replicating, and transcribing cellular genetic information. Second, mitochondria, this is the main place where cells carry out aerobic respiration(make energy). Third, Endoplasmic reticulum, this is the main place where cells synthesize proteins. Forth, chloroplast, this is a unique organelle of plant cells which can produce energy. Fifth, centrosome, this is a unique organelle of animal cells which is related to mitosis.
Eukaryotic cell: The Eukaryotic cell is large with complete organelles and can undergo mitosis.
In this course, I've learned two parts - basic functions of cells and composition of cells. Cells have five basic functions. First, intake and utilization of energy. Second, perform metabolic activities. Third, respond to external signals. Forth, replicate and express genetic information. Fifth, cells are capable of mechanical movement. In the part two, cells are mainly composed of four sections. First, the nucleus, this is the main place for storing, replicating, and transcribing cellular genetic information. Second, ribosome, this is the main place where cells synthesize proteins. Third, mitochondria, this is the main place where cells carry out aerobic respiration(make energy). Forth, chloroplast, this is a unique organelle of plant cells which can produce energy by absorbing light.
metabolic / ˌmetəˈbɑːlɪk / 新陈代谢的 nucleus /ˈnu:kliəs / 细胞核
ribosome / ˈraɪbəsoʊm / 核糖体
mitochondria /ˌmaɪtoˈkɑndrɪr / 线粒体 aerobic / eˈroʊbɪk / 有氧的 chloroplast/ˈklɔ:rəplæst / 叶绿体 organelle /ˌɔ:rɡəˈnel/ 细胞器
eukaryotic / ju:keriˈɑ:tɪk / 真核的 endoplasmic /ˈendoʊˌplæzmɪk/ 内质的
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：细胞生物学
企业战略管理
核心内容
APS 文稿之企业战略管理篇
主要学习了企业战略管理领域的基本知识和基本理论，了解战略分析和选择的基本工具。
战略管理是企业确定其使命，根据组织外部环境和内部条件设定企业的战略目标，为保证目标的正确落实和实现进行谋划，并依靠企业内部能力将这种谋划和决策付诸实施，以及在实施过程中进行控制的一个动态管理过程。
企业战略管理中最重要的分析方法是SWOT分析，是指企业的优势Strength，劣势Weakness，机会Opportunities，威胁Threats.
进行SWOT分析，要经过以下步骤：
1. 进行企业外部环境分析，列出企业外部环境中存在的发展机会和威胁，O & T
2. 进行企业内部环境分析，列出企业内部环境中的长处和弱点，S &W
3. 绘出SWOT矩阵。
The main content is learning the basic knowledge in the field of strategic business management and understanding the basic tools of strategic analysis.
Strategic management is a process of setting strategic goals for a company based on its external environment and internal conditions, planning to ensure the right achievement of the goals, relying on internal capabilities to make such plans and decisions into practice, and controlling the process.
The most important analysis method in strategic management is SWOT, which refers to Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats.
1. Analyze the external environment of the company and list the development opportunities and threats.
2. Analyze the internal environment of the company and list the strengths and weaknesses.
3. Draw a SWOT map.
企业外部环境分析：宏观的外部环境：政治法律、经济、社会文化、技术；微观的外部环境：购买者、供应商、替代品、现存/潜在的竞争者。
企业内部环境分析：企业内部环境的构成包括企业资源、能力、核心能力。
Analysis of the external environment of the company: macro external environment: political law, economy, social culture, technology; micro external environment: buyers, suppliers, substitutes, existing/potential competitors.
Analysis of the internal environment of the c
参考：来源：16 人力资源专业---企业战略管理篇.docx｜专业：人力资源管理｜课程：企业战略管理
细胞生物学实验（英文背诵稿）
核心内容
In this course, I did some experiments to help me learn cell biology better. I will mainly talk about two experiments. The first is the observation on endothelial cells of onion. First, carefully tear a piece of inner epidermis of onion and put it on a slide. Then add 2 drops of iodine solution. After waiting for 5-10 minutes, cover the cover clip. At last, put the slide on a microscope to observe. The second experiment is the Isolation and the observation of chloroplast. Weigh some fresh spinach. Add a little NaCl(sodium chloride) solution and mill them. Then suck a little solution on the slide with a dropper. At last put the slide on a microscope to observe.
In this course, I did some experiments to help me learn cell biology better. I will mainly talk about two experiments. The first is the observation of onion cells. First, carefully tear a piece of inner epidermis of onion and put it on a slide. Then add 2 drops of iodine solution. After waiting for 5-10 minutes, cover the cover clip. At last, put the slide on a microscope to observe. The second experiment is the Isolation and observation of chloroplast. First, weigh some fresh spinach. Then, add a little NaCl(sodium chloride) solution and mill them. Next, suck a little mixed solution onto the slide with a dropper. At last put the slide on a microscope to observe.
Epidermis /ˌepɪˈdɜːrmɪs / 表皮 Iodine / ˈaɪədaɪn / 碘液
Dropper 滴管
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：细胞生物学实验
数据结构 / B+树索引
核心内容
B+树是多路平衡搜索树，叶子节点链表相连，广泛用于数据库与文件系统索引。
常见口试问答（中文要点）
讲清为什么用 B+树做索引：树矮胖、减少磁盘 I/O；叶子链表支持高效范围查询；非叶子只存键。
英文答题要点（考官关注）
Define B+Tree; compare with B-Tree; why leaf nodes linked; how it reduces disk I/O and speeds range queries.
劳务关系管理
核心内容
APS文稿人力资源专业--劳务关系篇
劳务关系这门课在人力资源专业中算是高频审核科目。劳务关系主要从两个方面入手，第一个方面是劳务关系的基本信息，另一个是劳动争议。
一一个方面：劳务关系核心基础知识点
这个部分主要针对劳动合同的签署和内容，包括条款、变更、终止、续订和解除。 能够说出一些条款的大概内容。
labor contract has terms:
①labor contract term ②work content ③labor protection and labor conditions ④labor remuneration ⑤labor discipline ⑥labor contract termination conditions ⑦responsibility for breach of labor contract.
劳动合同具备的条款：1、劳动合同期限2、工作内容3、劳动保护和劳动条件4、劳动报酬5、劳动纪律6、劳动合同终止的条件7、违反劳动合同的责任。
第二方面：劳务争议
劳务争议在劳动关系课程中是最重要的部分，曾经被审核官多次提问。
劳务关系中常常被问到：如果员工和公司发生了冲突，如何处理？
The characteristics of labor disputes
劳动争议的特点
specific controversial contents.2.specific parties to the dispute.3. specific means of dispute
1.特定的争议内容2.特定的争议主体3.特定的争议手段
The Processing method of labor dispute
劳动争议的处理方式
1.negotiation 2.Mediation or arbitration 3.legal way(judge)
1.协商。2.调解或仲裁 3.法律途径(审判)
labor dispute handling institutions include:
1, Enterprise labor dispute mediation Committee 2, labor arbitration Committee 3, people's court
劳动争议处理机构有：1、企业劳动争议调解委员会2、劳动仲裁委员会3、人民法院
Composition of labor dispute mediation committee:
1. Employee representative 2, representative of the employer 3, labor union representative of the employer.
劳动争议调解委员会的组成：1、职工代表2、用人单位代表3、用人单位工会代表。
Labor Dispute Arbitration Committee:
it is a specialized agency for dealing with labor disputes.
劳动争议仲裁委员会：是处理劳动争议的专门机构。
附整体思维导图：
参考：来源：17 人力资源专业--劳务关系篇.docx｜专业：人力资源管理｜课程：劳务关系管理
遗传学（英文背诵稿）
核心内容
Genetics is the science that studies the laws of heredity and variation in organisms. In this course i will mainly talk about it from three aspects. This first is the Mendel's law of inheritance. The second is chromosome. The third is DNA. And I think the most important part is DNA. DNA carries the necessary genetic information for the synthesis of RNA and proteins, and it is an essential biological macromolecule for the development and normal operation of organisms. The structure of DNA is divided into three levels. The primary structure refers to the connection and order of four kinds of nucleotides. The secondary structure is DNA double helix structure. The tertiary structure is that DNA is further folded and compressed based on DNA double helix structure. DNA have two biological functions. First, cells can replicate genetic information by DNA replication. Second, In the genome, genetic information is stored in DNA sequences called genes. Through transcription, genetic information is copied into mRNA, which is used as a template for protein synthesis by translation. DNA is mainly used in DNA sequencing and genetic engineering. The next section is chromosome, which is a specific form of DNA during cell mitosis or meiosis. The last section is Mendel's law of inheritance, which is the law of gene segregation, the law of free combination of genes, and the law of gene linkage.
DNA is DeoxyriboNucleic Acid / diˌɑːksiˌraɪboʊnuːˈkleɪɪk /
In this course, I've learned two parts. The first is chromosome. The second is DNA. And I think the most important part is DNA. DNA carries the genetic information for the synthesis of RNA and proteins, and it is an essential biological macromolecule for the normal operation and development of organisms. The structure of DNA is divided into three levels. The primary structure refers to the connection and order of four kinds of nucleotides. The secondary structure is DNA double helix structure. The tertiary structure is that DNA is further folded and compressed. DNA have two biological functions. First, cells can replicate genetic information by DNA replication. Second, In the genome, genetic information is stored in DNA sequences called genes. DNA is mainly used in DNA sequencing and genetic engineering. The second part is chromosome, which is a specific form of DNA during cell mitosis.
Through transcription, genetic information is copied into mRNA, which is used as the template for protein synthesis by translation.
Nucleotide /ˈnu:kliətaɪd / 核苷酸 helix /ˈhi:lɪks / 螺旋结构
Tertiary /ˈtɜ:rʃəri / 第三级的 genome /ˈdʒi:noʊm / 基因组
Mitosis / maɪˈtoʊsɪs / 有丝分裂
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：遗传学
信号与系统 / 傅里叶变换
核心内容
傅里叶变换将时域信号分解为不同频率的正弦分量，揭示频率构成。
常见口试问答（中文要点）
傅里叶变换把信号从时域变到频域；用途：滤波、频谱分析、系统频率响应。
英文答题要点（考官关注）
Define Fourier transform; time domain vs frequency domain; application in filtering and spectral analysis.
18 员工招聘 Employee Application
核心内容
APS文稿之员工招聘 Employee Application
这个科目是人力资源专业中的核心板块之一。员工招聘这个科目比较能够自由发挥，尤其是和现状能够结合的内容更容易被提问到。
科目主要可以从四个板块入手：
①The definition of employee recruitment:
Recruiting excellent and suitable people into the company and putting the right people in the right positions according to the company's requirement.
员工招聘的定义：是指按照企业经营战略规划的要求把优秀、合适的人招聘进企业，把合适的人放在合适的岗位。
②commonly used recruitment channels:
There are two types of recruitment channels: internal recruitment and external recruitment. Internal recruitment includes internal promotion, position transfer, internal recommendation. External recruitment includes on-site recruitment, online recruitment, campus recruitment, job market and head-hunting.
招聘渠道分为内部招聘和外部招聘两种。
内部招聘包括内部晋升、转岗、内部推荐。
外部招聘包括现场招聘、网络招聘、校园招聘、人才市场、猎头。
③可以根据现在国内情况，提前准备一下相关的内容。 比如国内招聘平台：
1.58同城 2.智联招聘 3.前程无忧 4.BOSS直聘
④Recruitment process & The role of recruitment
Preparation 2.Recruiting 3.Screening 4.Hiring 5.assessment
招聘的程序
准备阶段 2.招募阶段 3.筛选阶段 4.录用阶段 5评估阶段
Ensure the normal operation of the enterprise
Improve business performance
Establish companies image
招聘的作用
保证企业正常经营
提升企业业绩
建立企业形象
⑤ The impact of COVID-19 on recruitment：
Online recruitment is increasing 2.Reduced recruitment cost 3.Recruitment period becomes longer 4.Job seekers are less willing to seek work
疫情对招聘工作的影响：
1.线上招聘占据主导 2.招聘成本减少 3.招聘周期变长 4.求职者求职意愿下降
参考：来源：18 员工招聘 Employee Application.docx｜专业：人力资源管理｜课程：18 员工招聘 Employee Application
遗传学实验（英文背诵稿）
核心内容
In this course, I did some experiments to help me learn cell biology better. I will mainly talk about two experiments. The first is the Fruit Flies Hybridization Experiment. First, select each of 10 female fruit flies with red eyes and 10 male fruit flies with white eyes and place in a culture flask as parents P. Second, put the culture flask into a 25 ℃ incubator for cultivation. Third, after 6-7 days, the larvae of the offspring F1 can be seen, and remove the parent adults. Forth, after 4-5 days, observe the characteristics of the offspring F1. Fifth, Select 10 pairs of F1 and transfer them to a new culture flask to continue to cultivate. Sixth, Repeat once step 3 and 4 to obtain the offspring F2, observe the characteristics, and calculate the proportion of various characteristics of F2. We can obtain the experimental result that the ratio of red eye female fruit flies, red eye male fruit flies, and white eye male fruit flies is 2:1:1. The second experiment is the Doubling and identification of plant chromosomes. First, germinate the seeds. Second, treat the seeds with colchicine. Third, fix the root tips with fixative for 6 hours and then discard the fixative. Forth, add 1mol/L hydrochloric acid at 60 ℃ to the the root tips and dissociate them in a 60 ℃ water bath for 15min. Discard hydrochloric acid and clean the root tips with clean water. Make temporary slides for the root tips. At last carefully observe polyploid cells under a microscope.
In this course, I did some experiments to help me learn Genetics better. I will mainly introduce one experiment called Fruit Flies Hybridization Experiment. First, select 10 female fruit flies with red eyes and 10 male fruit flies with white eyes and put them into a culture flask as parents P. Next, put the culture flask into a 25 ℃ incubator. Next, after 7 days, the larvae of the offspring F1 can be seen, and remove the parent adults. Next, after 5 days, observe the characteristics of the offspring F1. Next, select 10 pairs of F1 and transfer them to a new culture flask to cultivate them. Next, repeat once step 3 and 4 to get the offspring F2, then calculate the proportion of each characteristic of F2.
We can get the experimental result that the ratio of red eye female fruit flies, red eye male fruit flies, and white eye male fruit flies is 2:1:1.
Hybridization /ˌhaɪbrɪdaɪˈzeɪʃn / 杂交 larvae /ˈlɑ:rvi: / 幼虫 larva复数
culture flask 培养瓶 incubator 恒温箱
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：遗传学实验
2 劳动关系-重点-劳动关系学
核心内容
劳动关系学
Labor relations is a theoretical subject, which mainly studies the essence and subject of labor relations.
劳动关系实质
The essence of labor relations is the cooperation and conflict between labor and capital. Cooperation is a forced behavior for both parties to gain benefits. The conflict is the external reflection of internal contradictions in labor relations.
There are 3 factors lead to the conflict: the legalization of alienation, the objective interest difference and the essence of employment relationship.
The alienation means that the worker does not work for himself, but for the benefit of the employer. Objective interest difference refers to the dispute between the profit maximization and wage maximization. The essence of employment relationship is the transaction between salary and labor force. When the salary paid does not match the management degree, there will be conflicts between the two sides.
劳动关系主体
The subject of labor relations is divided into three groups: employee and employee group, employer and employer group and government. the main form of employees and employee groups is the labor union, which is an organization composed of employees and represents the interests of employees through collective bargaining. The opposite of the trade union is the enterprise federation, which is an organization composed of employers, also through collective bargaining to represent the interests of employers. On the other hand, the government is more involved in labor relat
参考：来源：2 劳动关系-重点-劳动关系学.docx｜专业：人力资源管理｜课程：2 劳动关系-重点-劳动关系学