专业知识库（按学科 / 专业 / 课程）
按学科门类筛选，可继续下钻到具体专业与课程；内容为各课程复习要点，用于面谈与笔试备考。
生物信息学（英文背诵稿）
核心内容
This course is the first time our university offered. The teacher didn’t have much experience about how to teach us. I just have a simple understanding about this course. Bioinformatics is also a tool in biological researches. Biostatistics is the foundation of this course. Bioinformatics uses computer science to solve biological problems. It is mainly used in genomics and proteomics. After studying this course, I started to be really interested in bioinformatics. I know programming skill is very important in this course. So I decided to self study python this year.
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：生物信息学
Performance evaluation
核心内容
Performance evaluation
The definition of performance evaluation:
from the perspective of connotation is to evaluate people and things, that is, to evaluate people and their working conditions, to evaluate the work results of people, to reflect the relative value or contribution degree of people in the organization through evaluation.In terms of extension, it is a purposeful, organized observation, record, analysis and evaluate people in daily work.
绩效考评的定义：从内涵上说就是对人与事的进行评价，即对人及其工作状况进行评价，对人的工作结果，要通过评价体现人在组织中的相对价值或贡献程度。从外延上来讲，就是有目的、有组织的对日常工作中的人进行观察、记录、分析和评价。
The meaning of performance evaluation:
Evaluation starts from the enterprise business objectives, and make the personnel treatment management after the evaluation and evaluation conducive to the realization of the enterprise business objectives.2. As an integral part of the personnel management system, use a set of systematic institutional norms, procedures and methods for evaluation.3. Evaluate the working ability, working attitude and working performance of the organization members in their daily work based on facts.
绩效考评的含义：1、从企业经营目标出发进行评价，并使评价和评价之后的人事待遇管理有助于企业经营目标的实现。2、作为人事管理系统的组成部分，运用一套系统的制度性规范、程序和方法进行评价。3、对组织成员在日常工作中体现出来的工作能力、工作态度和工作成绩，进行以事实为依据的评价。
performance evaluation purpose:
Assessment the performance of employees.2. Establish the effective performance appraisal system, procedures and methods of the company.3. Achieved the recognition, understanding and operation of performance evaluation of all the staff of the
参考：来源：Performance evaluation.docx｜专业：人力资源管理｜课程：Performance evaluation
病毒学（英文背诵稿）
核心内容
In this course, I’ve learned two parts. The first part is the basic knowledge about virus. The second part is the simple circle of the virus. In the first part, virus is a kind of non cellular organism. Virus is so small that we can only observe it by using the electron microscope. The components of virus are nucleic acid and protein. Further more, each virus only contains one kind of nucleic acid: DNA or RNA. Virus can only synthesize its own genetic materials and proteins in host cells. In the second part, the circle of the virus is as follows. Firstly, the virus binds to the host cell. Next, the virus injects its DNA or RNA(, depending on what kind of genetic material it has,) into the cell. Next, genetic material of the virus will combine with the DNA of the host cell. Next, the genetic materials of the virus will replicate as the host cell replicating and the host cell will synthesize the proteins of the virus. At last, the host cell makes so many copies of the virus that it can cause the cell membrane of the host to rupture and explode. These new copies of virus will get out of the cell to bind new host cells.
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：病毒学
Training and development
核心内容
Training and development
Definition of training and development:
Training and development is to improve the performance of employees 'work ability, knowledge level and potential through learning and training, maximize the personal quality of employees and work needs, and promote the improvement of employees' present and future work performance.
培训与开发的定义：培训与开发就是组织通过学习、训导的手段，提高员工的工作能力、知识水平和潜能发挥，最大限度的使员工的个人素质与工作需求相匹配，进行促进员工现在和将来的工作绩效的提高。
Principles of training development
1.Strategic 2.The target 3.Differentiation 4.incentive 5.actual 6.benefits
培训开发的原则
1.战略原则 2.目标原则 3.差异化原则 4.激励原则 5.实效原则 6.效益原则
The main objectives of training and development are as follows:
①Improve the work performance level and improve the working ability of employees.②Enhance the adaptability and adaptability of organizations or individuals.③Improve and enhance the recognition and belonging of the employees of the organization.④Help to cultivate corporate culture
培训与开发的主要目的：1、提高工作绩效水平，提高员工的工作能力。2、增强组织或个人的应变和适应能力。3、提高和增强组织企业员工对组织的认同和归属。
Features of enterprise training and development:
1.Regular of training 2. Advance of training 3. Extension of training effect
企业培训与开发工作的特性：
1、培训的经常性2、培训的超前性3、培训效果的后延性
Classification of training development
Depending on the training target：New employee training and old employee training
Depending on the form of training：On-the-job training and off-job training
Depending on the nature of the training：Imparting training and transformational training
Depending on the training c
参考：来源：Training and development.docx｜专业：人力资源管理｜课程：Training and development
周易（英文背诵稿）
核心内容
This is a very old book in China, which is mainly about old Chinese philosophy and Feng Shui. From this book, I know a basic principle called the balance of Yin and Yang. The balance of yin and yang is fundamental to the vitality of life. Only by keeping the balance can we have a better physical and mental health.
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：通用/综合｜课程：周易
互联网人力资源管理专题 Internet Human Resource Management
核心内容
互联网人力资源管理专题
Internet Human Resource Management
该课程是大作业的形式，我写的论文专题是企业数字化转型与人力资源管理。我从三个部分来进行我的论文撰写，分别是企业数字化转型的内涵、人力资源数字化转型的必要性和人力资源管理数字化转型的具体表现。
其中表现有：
第一，企业人力资源管理需要打造数字化运营平台，然后将线下数据转入线上运作。
第二是智能化信息化的工作方式，比如线上面试、社交化培训和流程自动化审批等等。
还有就是企业数据化管理，实现线上决策和工作。为人力资源管理方式带来了ERP、OA等系统。
The course is in the form of an essay, and my topic is the digital transformation of companies and human resource management. I approached my paper in three parts: the meaning of digital transformation, the necessary of digital transformation, and the concrete performances of digital transformation.
The performance is as follows:
First, companies' human resource management needs to create a digital operation platform, and then transfer offline data to online operation.
The second is an intelligent and information-based working method, such as online interviews, socialized training and process automation approval.
Moreover, the data management of the company in order to achieve online decision-making and work. It brings ERP, OA and other systems for human resource management methods.
参考：来源：互联网人力资源管理专题 Internet Human Resource Management.docx｜专业：人力资源管理｜课程：互联网人力资源管理专题 Internet Human Resource Management
生物科学专业词汇表（英汉对照）
核心内容
Titration /taɪˈtreɪʃn/ 滴定 hydroxide /haɪˈdrɑːksaɪd / 氢氧化物
Benzene /ˈbenziːn/ 苯 Amine / əˈmin / 胺
amino / əˌmiːnoʊ / 氨基的
Spinach /ˈspɪnɪtʃ/ 菠菜 quicklime / ˈkwɪklaɪm / 生石灰 alcohol ether / ˈiːθər / 醇醚，石油醚
evaporating dish 蒸发皿 extraction tube 萃取管
chromatographic column / kroʊˌmætəˈɡræfɪk / / ˈkɑːləm / 色谱柱 beaker 烧杯
Ultraviolet /ˌʌltrəˈvaɪələt / 紫外线 enzyme / ˈenzaɪm / 酶
Catalytic /ˌkætəˈlɪtɪk / 催化的
DNA: DeoxyriboNucleic Acid / diˌɑːksiˌraɪboʊnuːˈkleɪɪk / enzyme / ˈenzaɪm / biocatalyst / ˌbaɪoˈkætəlɪst /
Pisces /ˈpaɪsi:z/ 鱼纲 viviparous / vɪˈvɪpərəs / 胎生的
lactation / lækˈteɪʃ(ə)n / 哺乳
Epidermis / ˌepɪˈdɜːrmɪs / 表皮
metabolic / ˌmetəˈbɑːlɪk / 新陈代谢的 nucleus /ˈnu:kliəs / 细胞核
ribosome / ˈraɪbəsoʊm / 核糖体
mitochondria /ˌmaɪtoˈkɑndrɪr / 线粒体 aerobic / eˈroʊbɪk / 有氧的 chloroplast/ˈklɔ:rəplæst / 叶绿体 organelle /ˌɔ:rɡəˈnel/ 细胞器
Iodine / ˈaɪədaɪn / 碘液 Dropper 滴管
Nucleotide /ˈnu:kliətaɪd / 核苷酸 helix /ˈhi:lɪks / 螺旋结构
Tertiary /ˈtɜ:rʃəri / 第三级的 genome /ˈdʒi:noʊm / 基因组
Mitosis / maɪˈtoʊsɪs / 有丝分裂
Hybridization /ˌhaɪbrɪdaɪˈzeɪʃn / 杂交 larvae /ˈlɑ:rvi: / 幼虫 larva复数
culture flask 培养瓶 incubator 恒温箱
Prokaryotic / proʊkeriˈɑːtɪk / 原核的 cytoplasm /ˈsaɪtoʊplæzəm / 细胞质
Flagella / fləˈdʒelə / 细胞质 fungi /ˈfʌŋɡiː / 真菌
Eukaryotic / juːkeriˈɑːtɪk / 真核的 organelle /ˌɔ:rɡəˈnel/ 细胞器
Peptone /ˈpepˌtoʊn / 蛋白胨 sterilize /ˈsterəlaɪz / 消毒，灭菌
purification /ˌpjʊrɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n / 纯化 suspension / səˈspenʃ(ə)n / 悬浮液
inoculate / ɪˈnɑ:kjuleɪt / 接种 inoculating loop 接种环
Potassium / pəˈtæsiəm / 钾
DNA is DeoxyriboNucleic Acid / diˌɑːksiˌraɪboʊnuːˈkleɪɪk /
Helicase /ˈhelɪkeɪz / 解旋酶
Centrifuge /ˈsentrɪfju:dʒ / 离心 Electrophoresis / ɪˌlektrofəˈrisɪs / 电泳
centrifuge tube 离心管
Spectrometer / spekˈtrɑːmɪtər / 分光仪
Mass Spectromete 质谱仪 Electron Microscope 电子显微镜
PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction Polymerase /ˈpɑ:lɪməˌreɪs / 聚合酶
Linear /ˈlɪniər / 直线的 Duality / duːˈæləti / 二象性 interfere /ˌɪntərˈfɪr / 干涉 Diffract / dɪˈfrækt / 衍射
Interferometer /ˌɪntərfɪˈrɑ:mətər / 干涉仪 Kinetic / kɪˈnetɪk / 运动的
Antigen / ˈæntɪdʒən / 抗原 immunogenicity /ɪmjʊnoʊdʒe'nɪsɪtɪ / 免疫原性
Serum / ˈsɪrəm / 血清
Height / haɪt / width/ wɪdθ /
Endophytic /endəʊˈfɪtɪk / 内生植物的 Roegneria [rəʊɡ'niəriə] 鹅观草属 Proteomic [p'rəʊtiːəʊmɪk] 蛋白质组 electrophoresis [ɪˌlektroʊfə'riːsɪs] 电泳
Acetone /ˈæsɪtoʊn / 丙酮 precipitation 沉淀
evaporating dish 蒸发皿 extraction tube 萃取管
chromatographic column / kroʊˌmætəˈɡræfɪk / / ˈkɑːləm / 色谱柱 beaker 烧杯
Dropper 滴管 culture flask 培养瓶 incubator 恒温箱
inoculating loop 接种环 centrifuge tube 离心管
Mass Spectromete 质谱仪 Electron Microscope 电子显微镜
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：生物科学专业词汇
心血管生理 / 心输出量
核心内容
心输出量 CO = 心率 HR × 每搏输出量 SV，反映心脏每分钟泵血量。
常见口试问答（中文要点）
解释影响每搏输出量的因素：前负荷、后负荷、心肌收缩力；举例运动时代偿。
英文答题要点（考官关注）
CO = HR × SV; factors affecting SV: preload, afterload, contractility.
人力资源管理
核心内容
人力资源管理 / 人力资源规划 / 招聘管理 / 培训管理 / 人事管理 / 薪酬管理 / 绩效管理 / 战略发展规划 / 组织人事规划 / 费用预算 / 制度建设规划 / 人力资源开发规划 / 人力资源系统调整发展规划 / 招聘需求分析 / 岗位说明书、工作分析、胜任能力分析 / 招聘实施的渠道选择 / 面试 / 入职 / 入职后 / 培训需求分析 / 培训计划制定 / 培训实施 / 培训评估 / 培训体系建设 / 年度培训计划 / 月度培训计划 / 周计划 / 企业培训资源梳理 / 培训机构台帐 / 训前 / 训中 / 训后 / 柯氏四级 / 评估方法 / 培训介入方 / 离职 / 异动 / 社保、福利 / 考勤管理 / 劳动纠纷 / 制度系统 / 表单系统 / 其他日常工作 / 薪与酬的概念 / 薪酬战略 / 薪酬体系分类 / 传统薪酬体系 / 现代薪酬体系 / 基于岗位的薪酬体系 / 基于技能的薪酬体系 / 基于年功的薪酬体系 / 基于结构化的薪酬体系 / 基于市场的薪酬体系 / 宽带薪酬体系 / 自助式整体薪酬体系 / 绩效薪酬体系 / 目的 / 考核与绩效的区别 / 绩效考核的方式及优缺点 / 如何选择绩效考核的方式 / 传统KPI 考核的流程 / 如何制定企业自身的绩效考核制度
参考：来源：人力资源管理.emmx｜专业：人力资源管理｜课程：人力资源管理
微生物遗传育种（要点提纲）
核心内容
1.杂交水稻 hybrid rices 产量高
2.三倍体(triploid)西瓜，香蕉
3.转基因棉花 Transgenic Cotton, don’t attract pests.
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：微生物遗传育种
企业战略管理 Corporate Strategic Management
核心内容
企业战略管理
Corporate Strategic Management
主要学习了企业战略管理领域的基本知识和基本理论，了解战略分析和选择的基本工具。
战略管理是企业确定其使命，根据组织外部环境和内部条件设定企业的战略目标，为保证目标的正确落实和实现进行谋划，并依靠企业内部能力将这种谋划和决策付诸实施，以及在实施过程中进行控制的一个动态管理过程。
企业战略管理中最重要的分析方法是SWOT分析，是指企业的优势Strength，劣势Weakness，机会Opportunities，威胁Threats.
进行SWOT分析，要经过以下步骤：
1. 进行企业外部环境分析，列出企业外部环境中存在的发展机会和威胁，O & T
2. 进行企业内部环境分析，列出企业内部环境中的长处和弱点，S &W
3. 绘出SWOT矩阵。
The main content is learning the basic knowledge in the field of strategic business management and understanding the basic tools of strategic analysis.
Strategic management is a process of setting strategic goals for a company based on its external environment and internal conditions, planning to ensure the right achievement of the goals, relying on internal capabilities to make such plans and decisions into practice, and controlling the process.
The most important analysis method in strategic management is SWOT, which refers to Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats.
1. Analyze the external environment of the company and list the development opportunities and threats.
2. Analyze the internal environment of the company and list the strengths and weaknesses.
3. Draw a SWOT map.
企业外部环境分析：宏观的外部环境：政治法律、经济、社会文化、技术；微观的外部环境：购买者、供应商、替代品、现存/潜在的竞争者。
企业内部环境分析：企业内部环境的构成包括企业资源、能力、核心能力。
Analysis of the external environment of the company: macro external environment: political law, economy, social culture, technology; micro external environment: buyers, suppliers, substitutes, existing/potential competitors.
Analysis of the intern
参考：来源：企业战略管理 Corporate Strategic Management.docx｜专业：人力资源管理｜课程：企业战略管理 Corporate Strategic Management
食用菌生产技术（要点提纲）
核心内容
蘑菇种在死去的树干上，土里。
控制温度，保持湿度(keep humidity), 适宜光照 suitable light。
e.g. 种好蘑菇 If we want to cultivate mushroom better, we should:
1.provide soil with abundant humus(腐殖质) /ˈhjuːməs/
2.control the temperature from 20 ~ 25 degrees centigrade
3.water once every three days to keep high humidity
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：食用菌生产技术
企业文化 Corporate Culture
核心内容
企业文化
Corporate Culture
企业文化：企业文化是一个组织由其价值观、信念、仪式、符号、处事方式等组成的其特有的文化形象。企业文化则是企业在生产经营实践中，逐步形成的，为全体员工所认同并遵守的、带有本组织特点的使命、愿景、宗旨、精神、价值观和经营理念，以及这些理念在生产经营实践、管理制度、员工行为方式与企业对外形象的体现的总和。
Corporate culture is an organization's specific cultural image composed of its values, beliefs, ceremonies, symbols and ways of doing things. The corporate culture is the sum of mission, vision, purpose, spirit, values and business concepts with the special features of the organization, which are gradually developed in the company's production and management, and agreed and followed by all its employees, as well as the reflection of these concepts in production and management practices, management system, staff behavior and external image of the company.
参考：来源：企业文化 Corporate Culture.docx｜专业：人力资源管理｜课程：企业文化 Corporate Culture
环境微生物工程（要点提纲）
核心内容
好细菌吃掉坏细菌
改善水污染 activated sludge 活性污泥（nitrifying bacteria 硝化细菌）
改善土壤营养 Rhizobium [raɪ'zobɪəm] 根瘤菌 复数: Rhizobia
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：环境微生物工程
企业经营模拟 Simulation of the Enterprise Management
核心内容
企业经营模拟
Simulation of the Enterprise Management
在这门课程中，我们作为一个公司被分为不同的小组，生产相同的产品，并在同一市场上与其他小组竞争。我们在一个网站上操作，大约有八轮。我们做出一系列的运营决策，如营销、生产、财务。
我们小组有四个成员，我负责关注环境变化、市场需求和竞争对手，以分析竞争对手的市场行为并做出决策。
我们生产的产品是两种类型的药品，并且可以选择三个不同的市场。在每一轮中，我们需要决定这两种药的价格和在三个市场的销售量。
我们还需要决定广告的投入。结果是由我们决定的各种数据决定的，网站系统会自动完成，并报告整个小组的经营净收入。
我们还可以看到每个组的药品价格和自己的库存。我们需要根据报告中的信息来决定下一步的投入和价格。
In this course, we are divided into different groups as a company to produce same products, and compete in a same market with other groups. We operate in a website, and there is about eight rounds. We make a lot of decisions such as marketing, production and finance.
There were four members in our group, and I was responsible for paying attention to environment changes, market requirement and competitors, in order to analyze competitor’s market behaviors and making decisions.
We produce two types of medicines and can choose from three different markets. In every round, we need to decide the price of these two medicines and the quantity they sell in the three markets.
We also need to decide the adverting input. The result is determined by all kinds of data we decided, and the website system will finish automatically and report the profit of the whole group.
We can also see the medicine price of every group. We need to decide the next input and price based on the information in the report.
参考：来源：企业经营模拟 Simulation of the Enterprise Management.docx｜专业：人力资源管理｜课程：企业经营模拟 Simulation of the Enterprise Management