专业知识库（按学科 / 专业 / 课程）
按学科门类筛选，可继续下钻到具体专业与课程；内容为各课程复习要点，用于面谈与笔试备考。
热力学 / 熵与热力学第二定律
核心内容
熵度量系统无序度；孤立系统熵不减（熵增原理）。
常见口试问答（中文要点）
解释熵增原理与生活实例(如热量自发从高温流向低温)；熵不是"混乱"的模糊说法，而是可计算的态函数。
英文答题要点（考官关注）
Define entropy; state the 2nd law; give a real example (heat flow, mixing).
管理实践调查 · Class
核心内容
2018-2019-2 管理实践调查 Management Practices Survey 这是一门实践课，老师用一天时间带领我们去一家中国著名的啤酒厂进行参观学习，叫燕京啤酒厂。主要了解了该公司的人力资源管理的组织结构和人员安排。 This is a practical class and our teacher spent a day showing us around at a well-known beer company in China which called Yanjing. We mainly learned about the company's organizational structure and staff arrangement of human resource management. 人力资源管理的组织结构 燕京啤酒下属公司有20多家，由燕京总部统一管理。 该公司由很多个部门组成，分别是供应部、销售部、财务部、生产计划部等等。其中销售部又继续分为四个部门， 针对不同的产品进行销售。 在人员安排上，销售部和生产部的员工最多，他们主要负责按照计划完成公司的生产和销售计划，这两个部门加一起有将近9千人。 There are more than 20 subsidiary companies under Yanjing company, which are all managed by Yanjing headquarters. The company is made up by many departments, including Supply, Sales, Finance and Production Planning. Among them, the sales department divided into f our departments to sell dif f erent products. In the staff arrangement, the sales and production departments have the most employees. They are mainly responsible f or complete the production and sales plan according to their company, and these two departments together have nearly 9,000 employees. 市场营销环境 Market environmen t 1、市场营销环境 宏观市场营销环境包括：政治、经济，人文和科学环境。 微观市场营销环境包括：顾客，竞争者。 市场环境分析方法是SWOT 。 SWOT 可以分为两部分：第一部分是SW，主要用于分析内部条件；第二部分是OT ，主要用于分析外部条件。 Market environment includes political, economic, human and scientific environment; customers and competitors. The market environment analysis method is SWOT , which means Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat. SWOT can be divided into two pa
参考：来源：Class.pdf｜专业：人力资源管理｜课程：管理实践调查
物理学（英文背诵稿）
核心内容
In this course, I've learned some basic principles in physics. I will introduce them from three sections. Section one is Dynamics. Section two is Thermodynamics. Section three is optics. There are three basic laws in dynamics. The first law is that any object remains stationary or maintains uniform linear motion until it is forced to change this state by the force of another object. The second law is that when an object is subjected to an external force, it will generate an acceleration in the same direction as the external force. The magnitude of the acceleration is proportional to the magnitude of the external force and inversely proportional to the inertial mass of the object. The third law is that on the same straight line the forces and reactions between two objects are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. There are three basic laws in Thermodynamics. The first law of thermodynamics is the law of conservation of energy. The second is that heat can be spontaneously transferred from a high-temperature object to a cooler object, but it cannot be reversed. The third law is that absolute zero cannot be reached. In the third section optics. I have known that light has wave-particle duality, which means that light has both the properties of waves and the properties of particles. Light can interfere and also diffract, which is its properties of waves. Photoelectric effect can be created by light, which is its properties of particles.
In this course, I've learned two parts. The first part is Dynamics. The Second part is optics. There are three basic laws in dynamics. The first law is that any object remains stationary or maintains uniform linear motion until it is forced to change this state by the force of another object. The second law is that when an object is subjected to an external force, it will generate an acceleration in the same direction as the external force. The third law is that on the same straight line the forces and reactions between two objects are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. In the second part. Light has wave-particle duality, which means that light has both the properties of waves and the properties of particles. Light can interfere and also diffract, which is its properties of waves. Photoelectric effect can be created by light, which is its properties of particles.
The magnitude of the acceleration is proportional to the magnitude of the external force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.
There are three basic laws in Thermodynamics. The first law of thermodynamics is the law of conservation of energy. The second is that heat can be spontaneously transferred from a high-temperature object to a cooler object, but it cannot be reversed. The third law is that absolute zero cannot be reached.
Linear /ˈlɪniər / 直线的 Duality / duːˈæləti / 二象性 interfere /ˌɪntərˈfɪr / 干涉 Diffract / dɪˈfrækt / 衍射
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：物理学
量子力学 / 波函数与叠加
核心内容
微观粒子状态由波函数描述，满足叠加原理；|ψ|² 给出概率密度。
常见口试问答（中文要点）
讲清波函数的概率诠释(Born 规则)与叠加原理；可举双缝干涉说明。
英文答题要点（考官关注）
Wavefunction; superposition principle; Born rule probability interpretation.
Compensation and welfare management
核心内容
Compensation and welfare management
Definition of Compensation and welfare management:
Compensation and welfare management refers to the behavior and process of realizing human resource management goals by establishing reasonable compensation and welfare system under the guidance of business objectives
定义：
薪酬福利管理是指企业在经营目标的指导下，通过制定合理 薪酬福利制度，以实现人力资源管理目标的行为和过程
Factors of compensation and welfare management：
1.Internal factors：The nature and content of business operation，The organizational culture of the enterprise，The ability of an enterprise to pay，Employee positions.
2.External factors:The sense of community,Local standard of living,National Policies and regulations,Human resource market conditions
薪酬福利管理的因素:
内部因素：企业的经营性质与内容，企业的组织文化，企业的支付能力,员工岗位。
外部因素:社会意识、当地生活水平、国家政策法规、人力资源市场状况
Development of compensation and benefits management：
Employee benefit plan development 2.Organization and implementation of employee benefits 3.Employee benefit control
薪酬福利计划的制定：
员工福利计划制定 2.员工福利的组织和实施 3.员工的福利控制
The particularity of compensation management：
sensitivity 2.Sexual privilege 3.particularity
薪酬管理的特殊性：
敏感性 2.特权性 3.特殊性
Compensation management content：
1.Management by objectives 2.The level of management 3.System management 4.Configuration management 5.System management
薪酬管理的内容：
目标管理 2.水平管理 3.体系管理 4.结构管理 5.制度管理
Form of compensation：
1.Base salary 2.Performance salary 3.Incentive salary 4.welfare and Services
薪酬的形式：
基本工资 2.绩效工资 3.激励工资 4福利与服务
Objectives of compensation management：
1.Attract an
参考：来源：Compensation and welfare management.docx｜专业：人力资源管理｜课程：Compensation and welfare management
物理学实验（英文背诵稿）
核心内容
In this course, i did some experiments in physics. I will introduce two. The first one is verifying the law of conservation of mechanical energy. The second one is double slit interference experiment of light. In the first experiment, the experimental principle is that when an object falls freely, only gravity does work, and the gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy of the object are transformed into each other, while mechanical energy is conserved. Experimental steps are as follows. First, install the pointing timer. Then, tie one end of the paper tape with a heavy hammer, and pass the other end through the timer. Then raise the paper tape vertically to put the heavy hammer close to the timer. Then turn on the power and release the paper tape. At last, calculate the potential energy reduction and kinetic energy increase of each point and compare them. In the second experiment, the principle is that the light passes through two slits to form a pair of coherent light, which overlaps with each other to produce interference. The experimental steps as follows. First, install a double slit interferometer and light source. Then, turn on the light source to make the light pass through the double slits. At last, observe the screen. We can observe alternating stripes of light and dark. This is a verification experiment, through which we can verify light has the properties of waves.
In this course, i did some experiments in physics. I will introduce one experiment called double slit interference experiment of light. First, install a double slit interferometer and light source. Then, turn on the light source to make the light pass through the double slits. At last, observe the screen. We can observe alternating stripes of light and dark. This experiment proves that light has the properties of waves.
In the second experiment, first, install the pointing timer. Then, tie one end of the paper tape with a heavy hammer, and pass the other end through the timer. Then raise the paper tape vertically to put the heavy hammer close to the timer. Then turn on the power and release the paper tape. At last, calculate the potential energy reduction and kinetic energy increase of each point and compare them.
The principle is that the light passes through two slits to form a pair of coherent light, which overlaps with each other to produce interference.
The experimental principle is that when an object falls freely, only gravity does work, and the gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy of the object are transformed into each other, while mechanical energy is conserved.
Interferometer /ˌɪntərfɪˈrɑ:mətər / 干涉仪 Kinetic / kɪˈnetɪk / 运动的
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：物理学实验
Complementary disciplines
核心内容
Complementary disciplines
Social Psychology
Social psychology is a branch of psychology that studies the social psychological phenomena of individuals and groups。It's a borderline between psychology and sociology。It mainly studies the special relationship between subject and social object
社会心理学：是研究个体和群体社会心理现象的心理学分支，是一门介于社会学和心理学之间的边缘学科。主要研究主体和社会客体之间的特殊关系。
Politics
It is a social science discipline focusing on the study of political behavior, political system and political related fields。The field of study in political science are divided into：Civics、Political theory、International relations、Political economy、Public Administration
政治学：政治学是一门以研究政治行为、政治体制以及政治相关领域为主的社会科学学科。政治学研究领域分为：市政学、政治理论、国际关系、政治经济学、公共行政
Financial Management
The management of asset acquisition (investment), capital financing (financing) and operating cash flow (working capital), as well as profit distribution, under certain overall objectives。It's made up of these parts：Corporation Finance、Investments、Macro finance。
财务管理：在一定的整体目标下,关于资产的购置(投资),资本的融通(筹资)和经营中现金流量(营运资金),以及利润分配的管理。由这些部分构成：公司财务、投资学、宏观财务。
Organizational behavior：
Organizational behavior is a science that studies the behavior and psychological laws of people in organizations。It is based on behavioral science and intersects with psychology, sociology, anthropology, engineering, computer science and other disciplines.It is a new development of management psychology
组织行为学:组织行为学是研究组织中人的行为和心理规律的学科。它以行为学为基础，与心理学，社会学，人类学，工程学，计算机科学等其他学科交叉。是管理科学的新发展。
Labor econo
参考：来源：Complementary disciplines.docx｜专业：人力资源管理｜课程：Complementary disciplines
免疫学（英文背诵稿）
核心内容
In this course, I’ve learned three sections. The section one is antigen. The section two is antibody. The section three is antigen antibody reaction. Firstly, in the first section, antigen is a substance that can stimulate the immune system to produce a specific immune response and bind specifically to corresponding antibodies or effector T cells. There are three main properties of antigen. First, generally, the larger the molecular weight is, the stronger the immunogenicity is. Second, antigen is mainly composed of protein. Third, The more complex the molecular structure is, the stronger the immunogenicity is. Vaccines are special antigens that enable the body to produce antibodies and immune cells. In the section two, antibody is immune protein which is produced by B cells under the interaction between antigen and the immune system, it can specifically bind to corresponding antigen. Antibody is a four peptide chain structural molecule composed of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. In the section three, antigen antibody reaction is a specific binding reaction between antigens and corresponding antibodies. This reaction can be divided into two stages: primary antigen-antibody reaction and secondary antigen-antibody reaction. In the first stage, antigen binds specifically to antibody in a very short time. The second stage will take a long time and there will be sediments in this stage.
In this course, I’ve learned two parts. The first part is antigen. The second part is antibody. In the first part, antigen is a substance that can stimulate the immune system to produce a specific immune response and bind specifically to corresponding antibodies or effector T cells. There are three main properties of antigen. First, generally, the larger the molecular weight is, the stronger the immunogenicity is. Second, the more complex the molecular structure is, the stronger the immunogenicity is. Third, antigen is mainly composed of protein. Vaccines are special antigens that enable the body to produce antibodies and immune cells. In the second part, antibody is immune protein which is produced by B cells under the interaction between antigen and the immune system, it can specifically bind to corresponding antigen. Antibody is a four peptide chain structural molecule composed of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains.
Antigen / ˈæntɪdʒən / 抗原 immunogenicity /ɪmjʊnoʊdʒɪ'nɪsɪtɪ / 免疫原性
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：免疫学
Employee recruitment and configuration
核心内容
Employee recruitment and configuration
The definition of employee recruitment:
refers to the recruitment of excellent and suitable people into the enterprise according to the requirements of the business strategy planning, and put the right people in the right position.
员工招聘的定义：是指按照企业经营战略规划的要求把优秀、合适的人招聘进企业，把合适的人放在合适的岗位。
commonly used recruitment methods include:
recruitment interview situation simulation, psychological test, labor skills test
常用的招聘方法有：招聘面试情景模拟、心理测试、劳动技能测试
Criteria for recruitment
Management desire, good moral character, the spirit of innovation, high decision-making ability
招聘的标准
管理的意愿，良好的品德，创新精神，高决策力
Recruitment costs
1.The new hire cost 2.Replacement cost 3.The opportunity cost
招聘成本
1.新聘成本 2.重置成本 3.机会成本
The content of recruitment plan:
The number of employees and the personnel required to meet the prescribed recruitment rate.2. The time interval between the candidate's application and the employment.3. Employment benchmark.4. Source of employment.5. Recruitment cost calculation.
制定招聘计划的内容：1、录用人数以及达到规定录用率所需要的人员。2、从候选人应聘到雇用之间的时间间隔。3、录用基准。4、录用来源。5、招聘录用成本计算。
recruitment cost calculation:
1, personnel cost, 2, business cost.3. General enterprise management cost.
招聘录用成本计算：1、人事成本，2、业务成本。3、企业一般管理成本。
The role of recruitment
Ensure the normal operation of the enterprise
Improve business performance
Establish companys image
招聘的作用
保证企业正常经营
提升企业业绩
建立企业形象
Classification of recruitment methods:
Entrusted labor and employment institutions; 2. Self-recruitment
招聘方法的分类
委托劳动机
参考：来源：Employee recruitment and configuration.docx｜专业：人力资源管理｜课程：Employee recruitment and configuration
免疫学实验（英文背诵稿）
核心内容
In this course, i did several experiments to help me learn immunology better. I will mainly introduce one experiment. The experiment is Identification of ABO blood type. Blood type is decided on the type of specific antigen on the red blood cell membrane. In the ABO blood type system, the antigens on the red blood cell membrane are divided into two types: A and B, and the antibodies are also divided into two types: A and B. A antigen can bind to A antibody. The same is true of B. In the ABO blood type system, according to whether the red blood cell membrane contains A or B antigen, it can be divided into four types: A, B, AB and O. Type O: don’t have A or B antigen; have A and B antibodies. Type A: have A antigen without B; have B antibody without A. Type B: have B antigen without A; have A antibody without B. AB type: have A and B antigens, don’t have A and B antibodies. The experimental steps are as follows. First, take two glass slides, clean them carefully, and add one drop of type A and type B standard serum respectively. Then, add one drop of the blood on each of the two glass slides. Then, mix the solutions well on each of the two glass slides. At last, put two glass slides on a microscope to observe whether binding reaction will occur.
In this course, I did some experiments to help me learn immunology better. I will mainly introduce one experiment. The experiment is Identification of ABO blood type. Blood type is decided on the type of specific antigen on the red blood cell membrane. In the ABO blood type system, the antigens on the red blood cell membrane are divided into two types: A and B, and the antibodies are also divided into two types: A and B. A antigen can bind to A antibody. So is B. In the ABO blood type system, blood type can be divided into four types: A, B, AB and O. Type A: have A antigen without B; have B antibody without A. Type B: have B antigen without A; have A antibody without B. AB type: have A and B antigens, don’t have A and B antibodies. Type O: don’t have A or B antigen; have A and B antibodies. The experimental steps are as follows. First, take two glass slides, and add one drop of type A and type B standard serum respectively. Then, add one drop of the blood on each of the two glass slides. Then, mix the solutions well. At last, put two glass slides on a microscope to observe whether binding reaction will occur.
Serum / ˈsɪrəm / 血清
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：免疫学实验
Human resource planning
核心内容
Human resource planning
definition:
From the perspective of strategic planning and development goals, the enterprise can predict its demand for human resources in the future development according to the changes of internal and external environment, as well as the process of providing human resources to meet such needs.
人力资源规划定义：企业从战略规划和发展目标出发，根据其内外部环境的变化，预测企业未来发展对人力资源的需求，以及为满足这种需要所提供人力资源的活动过程。
The purpose of human resource planning：
Planning manpower development 2.Promote the rational use of human resources 3.To meet the needs of organizational development 4.Reduce labor costs
人力资源规划的目的：1.规划人力发展 2.促进人力资源合理运用 3.配合组织发展 4.减少劳动成本
Principles of human resource planning：
Full consideration of internal and external environment changes 2.Ensure the human resources of the company 3.Make enterprise and employee get long-term benefit
人力资源规划的制定原则:
充分考虑内部和外部环境的变化 2.确保企业人力资源保障 3.使企业和员工都得到长期的利益
The contents of the HUMAN resource plan：
Master plan 2. Job establishment Plan 3. Staffing Plan 4. Personnel supply plan 6. Education and training plan 4. Human resource management policy adjustment Plan 8. Investment budget 9. Salary incentive plan 10. Career planning
人力资源规划的内容：
1.总计划 2.职务编制计划 3.人员配置计划 4.人员需求计划 5.人员供给计划 6.教育培训计划 4.人力资源管理政策调整计划 8.投资预算 9.薪酬激励计划 10.职业生涯规划
The role of human resource planning：
Ensure the achievement of organizational objectives 2.Adapt to the changing environment 3.Improve the efficiency of human resource management
人力资源规划的作用：
1.确保组织目标的实现 2.适应环境的变化 3.提高人力资源管理效率
Human reso
参考：来源：Human resource planning.docx｜专业：人力资源管理｜课程：Human resource planning
毕业实习与毕业论文（英文背诵稿）
核心内容
The name of my dissertation is Effects of Endophytic Fungi on the Growth of Roegneria kamoji and their Proteomic Differential Expression Profiles. Some endophytic fungus could improve biomass of host.By heat treatment, endophyte-infected （EI）and endophyte-free （EF）Roegneria kamoji plants were established. After field test, we found that EI R. kamoji plants grow more vigorous and leaves were wider,but there was no significant difference between the plant height. At the same time, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to determine the difference of proteins between EF and EI plants. We found a suitable method for extraction of Roegneria kamoji and a suitable condition of two-dimensional electrophoresis for the roegneria kamoji system. The experiment is divided into two section. The section one is Field trial. The section two is proteome experiment. In the section one, firstly, select some seeds containing endophytic fungi, and put half of them into a 50 degrees centigrade incubator for 24 hours to remove endophytic fungi. Then, germinate seeds and transplant two kinds of seeds to the field. Then, select 20 plants from each kinds of plants and record the data of them once a month including plant height, leaf width,stem diameter,etc. In the section two, firstly, extract all proteins from roegneria kamoji. Then, analyze the protein quantitatively. Then, analyze the extracted protein by 2-DE under various conditions. The results of this experiment are follows. First, Endophytic Fungi E. Sinica can improve the nutritional growth of roegneria kamoji to a certain degree. Second, TCA/acetone precipitation method has a better effect on protein extraction among preparation methods of plant two-dimensional electrophoresis protein samples. In subsequent experiments, we can use this method to extract proteins and do further experiments on them.
The name of my dissertation is Effects of Endophytic Fungi on the Growth of Roegneria kamoji and Differential Expression of proteins. The experiment is divided into two section. The section one is Field trial. The section two is protein research. In the section one, firstly, select some seeds containing endophytic fungi, and put half of them into a 50 degrees centigrade incubator for 24 hours to remove endophytic fungi. Then, germinate seeds and transplant two kinds of seeds to the field. Then, select 20 plants from each kinds of plants and record the data of them once a month including plant height, leaf width, stem diameter, etc. In the section two, firstly, extract all proteins from roegneria kamoji. Then, analyze the protein quantitatively. Then, analyze the extracted protein by 2-DE(two-dimensional electrophoresis) under various conditions. The results of this experiment are as follows. First, Endophytic Fungi E. can improve the nutritional growth of roegneria kamoji to a certain degree. Second, TCA/acetone precipitation method has a better effect on protein extraction among preparation methods of plant two-dimensional electrophoresis protein samples. In subsequent experiments, we can use this method to extract proteins and do further experiments on them.
Height / haɪt / width/ wɪdθ /
Endophytic /endəʊˈfɪtɪk / 内生植物的 Roegneria [rəʊɡ'niəriə] 鹅观草属 Proteomic [p'rəʊtiːəʊmɪk] 蛋白质组 electrophoresis [ɪˌlektroʊfə'riːsɪs] 电泳
Acetone /ˈæsɪtoʊn / 丙酮 precipitation 沉淀
Some endophytic fungi could improve biomass of host. By heat treatment, endophyte-infected （EI）and endophyte-free （EF）Roegneria kamoji plants were established. After field test, we found that EI R. kamoji plants grow more vigorous and leaves were wider, but there was no significant difference between the plant height. At the same time, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to determine the difference of proteins between EF and EI plants. We found a suitable method for extraction of Roegneria kamoji and a suitable condition of two-dimensional electrophoresis for the roegneria kamoji system.
Endophytic /endəʊˈfɪtɪk / 内生植物的 Roegneria [rəʊɡ'niəriə] 鹅观草属 Proteomic [p'rəʊtiːəʊmɪk] 蛋白质组 electrophoresis [ɪˌlektroʊfə'riːsɪs] 电泳
Acetone /ˈæsɪtoʊn / 丙酮 precipitation 沉淀
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：毕业实习与毕业论文
KPI 绩效指标 · KPI_1
核心内容
KPI（key performance indicator）
It is a goal-oriented quantitative management index to set, sample, calculate, analyze and measure the key parameters of the input and output of the internal process. It is a tool to decompose enterprise strategic objectives into operational work objectives and the basis of enterprise performance management
通过对组织内部流程的输入端、输出端的关键参数进行设置、取样、计算、分析、衡量流程绩效的一种目标式量化管理指标，是把企业战略目标分解为可操作的工作目标的工具，是企业绩效管理的基础
characteristic;
The measurement of the key performance indicators ultimately depends on the company's strategic objectives
KPI is the further refinement and development of the company's strategic goals。
Adjust with the evolution of the company's strategic goals
特点；
1.关键绩效指标体现的衡量内容最终取决于公司的战略目标
2.KPI是对公司战略目标的进一步细化和发展
3.随公司战略目标的发展演变而调整
Role:
(1) Determine departmental / individual performance indicators according to the organization's development plan / target plan
(2) Monitor the operation process related to the performance objectives
(3) Find out the potential problems in time, find out the areas for improvement, and give feedback to the corresponding departments / individuals.
(4) KPI output is the basis and basis of performance evaluation.
When the company, the department and even the position have determined a clear KPI system, you can:
(1) Link the individual and department goals with the overall goals of the company;
(2) For managers, the phased evaluation and control of the KPI output of departments / individuals can be guided correctly
The goal of d
参考：来源：KPI_1.docx｜专业：人力资源管理｜课程：KPI 绩效指标
生物统计学（英文背诵稿）
核心内容
Biostatistics is not like traditional course in which we study some principles or some experimental methods. This course is more like a tool, like python or Java. It can helps us in various researches. Biostatistics uses the principles and methods of mathematical statistics to analyze and explain various phenomena and data in the biological world in order to find its basic laws and the best solution. Biostatistcs can be used in many fields such as agriculture or drug discovery. For example, we can find the best pesticide usage for one kind of crops. Next, I will simply introduce one model called normal distribution, like this. Three are three characteristics of this model. First, this point is average. Second, there are little extreme values. Third, standard deviation determines “fat or thin”.
参考：来源：生物科学 APS 英文背诵.docx｜专业：生物科学｜课程：生物统计学
Labor relations
核心内容
Labor relations
The definition of labor relations:
The social and economic relations established by workers and employers in the process of labor
劳动关系的定义：劳动者和用人单位（包括各类企业、个体工商户、事业单位等）在劳动过程中建立的社会经济关系
labor contract:
It is the agreement between the laborer and the employer to establish the labor relationship and clarify the rights and obligations of both parties.
劳动合同：是劳动者与用人单位确立劳动关系、明确双方权利和义务的协议。
The definition of probation period:
refers to the investigation period agreed by the employer and the laborer for mutual understanding and choice of no more than six months.
试用期的定义：是指用人单位和劳动者为互相了解、选择而约定得不超过六个月的考察期。
labor contract has terms:
①labor contract term ②work content ③labor protection and labor conditions ④labor remuneration ⑤labor discipline ⑥labor contract termination conditions ⑦responsibility for breach of labor contract.
劳动合同具备的条款：1、劳动合同期限2、工作内容3、劳动保护和劳动条件4、劳动报酬5、劳动纪律6、劳动合同终止的条件7、违反劳动合同的责任。
Modification of labor contract:
In the process of performing the labor contract, the parties can modify and supplement some terms of the labor contract through consultation.Unchanged part remains valid.
劳动合同的变更：履行劳动合同的过程中由于情况发生变化，经双方当事人协商一致，可以对劳动合同部分条款进行修改、补充。未变更部分继续有效。
definition of labor contract termination:
the labor contract expires or the termination conditions of the labor contract is the labor contract.
劳动合同的终止的定义：劳动合同期满或劳动合同的终止条件出现劳动合同即终止。
Renewal of labor contract:
upon the expiration of the labor contract term, the labor contract can be renewed through negotiation.
劳动合同的续订：劳动
参考：来源：Labor relations.docx｜专业：人力资源管理｜课程：Labor relations