专业知识库（按学科 / 专业 / 课程）
按学科门类筛选，可继续下钻到具体专业与课程；内容为各课程复习要点，用于面谈与笔试备考。
跨境电子商务（APS 备考导图）
核心内容
【跨境电子商务数据分析】
· 数据挖掘
- 数据预处理：指对所收集数据进行分类或分组前所做的审核、筛选、排序等必要的处理
- 模式发现：运用挖掘算法挖掘出有效的、新颖的、潜在的、有用的以及最终可以理解的信息和知识各种方法，进而发现隐藏的模式和规则
- 模式分析：采用合适的技术和工具，对挖掘结果进行模式的分析，常用的技术手段有：关联规则、分类、聚类、序列模式等
· 数据可视化分析：旨在借助于图形化手段，清晰有效地传达与沟通信息
- 几种常用工具
· EXCEL：典型的入门级数据可视化工具，但是Excel在颜色、线条和样式上可选择的范围有限
· Tableau：全球知名度很高的数据可视化工具，不仅可以制作图表、图形还可以绘制地图，既支持个人访问，也进行团队协作同步完成数据图表绘制
· Echarts：提供直观、生动、可交互、可高度个性化定制的数据可视化图表
【跨境电子商务物流】
· 概述：在电子商务环境下，依靠互联网、大数据、信息化与计算机等先进技术，物品从跨境电商企业流向跨境消费者的跨越不同国家或地区的物流活动
· 分类
- 直邮
· 邮政小包：主要通过万国邮政联盟（EMS）来邮寄包裹，邮政小包物流价格低廉，因此处理优先级别低，再加上成本的因素，使得邮政小包的时效相对较慢。邮政小包一般适用于重量较轻、体积较小、货值低的商品配送，清关便利，派送范围广泛
· 国际快递：一般指DHL/UPS/FedEx（含TNT）三家国际快递巨头利用自身建设的全球网络提供的国际快递服务。价格昂贵，因此处理优先级别高，直飞比率高，时效快，一般适用于重量段20kg左右、对时效要求苛刻、货值高的商品配送
· 跨境专线：指货品到某一特定国家或地区的货量带来的规模效应，可以令其在两国之间开设专门的物流航班，专线物流公司接受托运方的委托，从国内运送至国外的一种仓到仓的跨境物流服务
- 海外仓：指提前将商品运输至目的地国内的仓库，待消费者下单后，商品直接从目的地仓库出货送至消费者手中
· FBA海外仓：亚马逊上的卖家把产品送到当地的亚马逊仓库中，由亚马逊提供仓储等服务
· 第三方海外仓：由物流服务商提供仓储服务并进行管理
· 自建海外仓：由卖家建立自己的海外仓并自行管理
【跨境电子商务支付】
· 概述：指两个或两个以上的国家或地区之间因国际贸易、国际投资等原因引起的国际间债权债务借助一定的结算工具和支付系统实现资金的跨国和跨地区转移的经济行为
· 常见的支付模式
- 贝宝（PayPal）：全球知名的跨境电子商务支付与结算工具，它在使用电子邮件标识身份的用户之间转移资金，避免了传统的邮寄支票或者汇款的方法，PayPal收取一定数额的手续费
- 支付宝（Alipay）：无论是境内消费者在境外消费，还是在境外跨境电子商务平台上购物，都可以通过支付宝付款，非常方便快捷
- 微信（Wechat Pay）：微信支付早已开放了跨境电子商务支付功能，目前微信电子商务支付业务已经覆盖了东南亚、欧美、西亚、大洋洲的20多个国家和地区
- 西联汇款（Western Union）：是世界上领先的特快汇款公司，代理网点遍布全球近200个国家和地区，可以在全球大多数国家的西联代理所在地汇出和提款。西联手续费由买家承担
参考：来源：电子商务aps资料.rar／跨境电子商务.txt｜专业：电子商务｜课程：跨境电子商务
面向对象程序设计（APS 备考导图）
核心内容
【面向对象程序设计概述】
· 特点
- 封装性：指将一个计算机系统中的数据以及与这个数据相关的一切操作语言（即描述每一个对象的属性以及其行为的程序代码）组装到一起，一并封装在一个有机的实体中
- 继承性：指一个对象针对于另一个对象的某些独有的特点、能力进行复制或者延续
- 多态性：指在面向对象技术中，当不同的多个对象同时接收到同一个完全相同的消息之后，所表现出来的动作是各不相同的，具有多种形态
· 名词解释
- 对象(Object)：可以对其做事情的一些东西
· 一个对象有三种属性
- 状态
- 行为
- 标识
- 类(class)：一个共享相同结构和行为的对象的集合
- 封装(encapsulation)
· 将数据和操作捆绑在一起，创造出一个新的类型的过程
· 将接口与实现分离的过程
- 继承：描述了类之间的“是一种”关系。子类可以对基类的行为进行扩展、覆盖、重定义
- 组合：既是类之间的关系也是对象之间的关系。在这种关系中一个对象或者类包含了其他的对象和类
· 设计优点
- 更方便地扩展现有代码，提高编码效率，也减低了出错概率，降低软件维护的难度
- 减少软件开发过程中中间环节的转换过程
- 在一定程度上更便于控制软件复杂度
· 设计缺陷
- 运行效率较低
- 类库庞大
- 类库可靠性
【面向对象程序设计语言】
· C++：C++语言是一种面向对象的强类型语言。C++语言是c语言的一个向上兼容的扩充，而不是一种新语言。C++是一种支持多范型的程序设计语言，它既支持面向对象的程序设计，也支持面向过程的程序设计。C++支持基本的面向对象概念：对象、类、方法、消息、子类和继承
· Java：Java语言起源于Oak语言，Java把类的概念和接口的概念区分开，并试图通过只允许接口的多继承来克服多继承的危险，Java中关于面向对象概念的术语有对象、类、方法、实例、变量、消息、子类和继承
· 面向对象语言的优点
- 一致的表示方法
- 可重用性
- 可维护性
【C++语言基础】
· 基本类型
- 整型
· 整数常量：是不带小数的数值，用来表示正负数
- 十进制整数：是由不以0开头的0～9的数字组成的数据 例如：0，63，83是十进制数
- 八进制整数：是由以0开头的0～7的数字组成的数据 例如：00，077，0123是八进制数
- 十六进制整数：是由以0x或0X开头的0～9的数字及A～F的字母(大小写字母均可)组成的数据 例如：0x0，0X0，0x53是十六进制数
· 整型变量类型
- short类型说明一个带符号的16位整型变量 例如：1000，-20000
- int类型说明一个带符号的32位整型变量 例如：1500，-300
· 浮点型
- 浮点数常量：是带有小数的十进制数 例如：3.14159，0.567
- 浮点变量类型：用于需要精确到小数的函数运算中
· float类型：是一个位数为32位的单精度浮点数 例如：234.5f
· double类型：是一个位数为64的双精度浮点数 例如：7D
· 字符型
- 字符型常量是指由单引号括起来的单个字符 例如：‘a’，‘A’
- 字符型变量的类型说明符为char，它在机器中占8位，其范围为0～255 例如：23,49
· 算术运算符
- +（加）
- -（减或负号）
- *（乘）
- /（除）
- “%”是取余运算，只能用于整型操作数
· 语句
- 转向语句
· break语句：执行 break 语句会退出当前循环或语句
· continue语句：表示结束本次循环，进行下一次循环，而不终止整个循环的执行
- 循环控制语句
· while语句：当条件满足时进入，重复执行循环体，直到条件不满足时退出
· for语句：当循环变量在指定范围内变化时，重复执行循环体，直到循环变量超出了指定的范围时退出
参考：来源：电子商务aps资料.rar／面向对象程序设计.txt｜专业：电子商务｜课程：面向对象程序设计
物流管理实训（APS 口述稿·中英）
核心内容
物流管理实训主要是通过模拟物流管理的过程来实践整体的物流操作系统。老师会给学生注册账号，然后首先要建构公司的基础设施，录入人员信息，基础设施包括仓储，运输，邮寄以及成本管理。仓储包括仓库管理和分类，仓管人员的管理；运输包括航运，陆运，水运等，以及寄件的价格设定，第三方物流公司的信息录入；成本管理包括所有的公司管理及人员招募成本。重点是是邮寄这块，第三方公司的选择很复杂，包括影响力，距离成本等，需要和同学讨论完成。老师会从仓库布局，运输方法是否合理，邮寄是否符合市场水平，成本是否能使公司运作来计分。
Practical training of logistics management is mainly through simulating the process of logistics management to practice the whole logistics operating system. The teacher will give the students an account, and then first set up the company's information, input personnel information, including warehousing, shipping, mailing and cost management. Warehousing includes warehouse management and classification, warehouse management personnel management; Transportation includes shipping, land transportation, water transportation and so on. As well as the price setting of the delivery, information entry of third-party logistics companies; Cost management includes all company management and personnel recruitment costs. The focus is on mailing. The choice of third-party companies is very complicated, including influence, distance cost, etc., which needs to be discussed with classmates. The teacher will score points based on the layout of the warehouse, whether the transportation method is reasonable, whether the mailing is in line with the market level, and whether the cost can make the company operate.
参考：来源：电子商务aps资料.rar／实训.docx（第 0–1 段）｜专业：电子商务｜课程：物流管理实训
ERP管理与应用实训（APS 口述稿·中英）
核心内容
ERP管理与应用实训是对一个公司的采购，库存，订单及财务的管理，是通过虚拟系统进行模拟。首先录入相关的员工信息，例如姓名，性别，职位等，接着是订单管理，会录入客户订单从而产生生产订单及订单需求计划和采购计划。接着是采购，要录入采购订单并产生进货单，应付凭单和付款单，然后是库存管理，如果库存不足就会产生新的采购单。最后是财务，计算成本，存货，进行结账，生成财务报表。
ERP management and application training is the management of purchasing, inventory, order and finance of a company, which is simulated by virtual system. First of all, relevant employee information, such as name, gender, position, etc., is entered, followed by order management, which will input customer orders to produce production orders, order demand plans and purchase plans. This is followed by purchasing, which involves entering purchase orders and generating purchase orders, vouchers payable and payment orders, and then inventory management, which generates new purchase orders if inventory is insufficient. Finally, finance, accounting for costs, inventory, closing, generating financial statements.
参考：来源：电子商务aps资料.rar／实训.docx（第 2–3 段）｜专业：电子商务｜课程：ERP管理与应用实训
网络营销基础与实践综合实训（APS 口述稿·中英）
核心内容
网络营销基础与实践综合实训是自己在淘宝网上开一家网店用来练习，首先要进行店铺的基础设计，手机和电脑端都需要设计，包括页面，货品的展示，关键字搜索等等，接着是发布产品信息，填写产品的基本信息例如型号，材质，颜色等等。然后是参加淘宝的商家活动及促销方法，例如广告，打折等。最后是同学间相互练习买卖过程以及售后服务等。其中比较重要的是产品详情页，这就需要关注产品的变化，以及练习中还遇到过真正的淘宝客户订单，就需要跟客户进行交流说明情况，让客户退款。
Comprehensive practical training on the basis and practice of Internet marketing is to open an online store on Taobao for practice. The first step is to carry out the basic design of the store, including the design of the mobile phone and computer, including the page, product display, keyword search and so on. The second step is to release product information and fill in the basic information of the product, such as model, material, color and so on. The third is to participate in Taobao trader activities and promotion methods, such as advertising, discount and so on. Finally, students practice the trading process and after-sales service among each other. One of the more important is the product details page, which needs to pay attention to the changes of the product, as well as the practice also face real Taobao customer orders, you need to communicate with customers to explain the situation, let customers refund.
参考：来源：电子商务aps资料.rar／实训.docx（第 4–5 段）｜专业：电子商务｜课程：网络营销基础与实践综合实训
电子商务管理实务（APS 口述稿·中英）
核心内容
电子商务管理实务 E-commerce management practice
This course is mainly divided into two parts. The first part is about the overview of e-commerce. The second part is the overview of network marketing.The first part is about the model of e-commerce, which mainly includes B2C,B2B and C2C. B2C platform Taobao, Jingdong; B2B platform has Alibaba; The C2C platform has Tmall. Its characteristics are universality, convenience, integrity and safety. Functions include advertising, consultation, online ordering and online payment. The second part is the overview of network marketing, search engine marketing, search engine optimization, email marketing, wechat marketing. The main advantage is wide spread, unrestricted; Lower cost, more targeted.
参考：来源：电子商务aps资料.rar／实训.docx（第 6–7 段）｜专业：电子商务｜课程：电子商务管理实务
大型数据系统（APS 口述稿·中英）
核心内容
大型数据系统 Large database system
This course focuses on several common data systems and their characteristics, functions, and applications. Common data systems are Oracle, MySQL, and SQL Server. I mainly learn sqlserver, a relational database system, can protect data information, data encryption. The characteristics of the data system are scale, high speed and value. Functions have multiple data source acquisition, data processing and analysis and storage data. The application of data system is mainly used in manufacturing industry for process analysis; E-commerce industry to analyze consumer preferences; Used by the energy industry to improve system.
参考：来源：电子商务aps资料.rar／实训.docx（第 8–9 段）｜专业：电子商务｜课程：大型数据系统
市场调查与预测（APS 口述稿·中英）
核心内容
市场调查与预测 Market research and prediction
This course covers market research and forecasting procedures, survey data collection methods and sampling techniques and forecasting methods. The steps of market research include: determine the problem, determine the data, determine the data collection method, sampling design, data collection, data analysis, survey report. Collection methods include observation method, experiment method and questionnaire method. Sampling techniques include simple random sampling and stratified random sampling. The steps of market forecasting include: target determination, data collection, method selection, calculation and analysis, result judgment and prediction correction. Forecasting methods have expert opinion method, this method is the company hired experts to forecast the market; Market test marketing is to put an improved product on the market and collect relevant data.
参考：来源：电子商务aps资料.rar／实训.docx（第 10–11 段）｜专业：电子商务｜课程：市场调查与预测
跨境电子商务（APS 口述稿·中英）
核心内容
跨境电子商务 Cross-border e-commerce
This course covers data analysis, cross-border logistics and payment models. Common tools for data analysis include Excel, Tableau and Echarts, which can display data in visual charts. Logistics is mainly divided into direct mail and overseas warehouse, direct mail is divided into small postal parcels; International express，cross-border special line. Overseas warehouse is divided into FBA overseas warehouse, third-party overseas warehouse, self-built overseas warehouse. Common payment modes include Paypal, the world's famous payment settlement tools, Alipay, wechat Pay.
可视化图表：There are many types of visual charts, the most common being pie charts, bar graphs and bar charts. Pie charts highlight the proportion, bar graphs highlight the contrast, and bar charts are suitable for smaller data analysis
直邮各特点：small postal parcels, mainly through EMS, suitable for light weight and small volume parcels; International express, through the three international express companies, suitable for high time, valuable goods；cross-border special line, refers to the domestic to foreign direct flight service.
海外仓：FBA overseas warehouse,namely Amazon logistics service， means that Amazon opens the platform to third-party sellers to provide them with sorting, packaging and delivery services, and Amazon charges service fees. Third-party overseas warehouse, which is provided by logistics service providers.Its common service modes include one piece consignment, FBA transfer, return and exchange. Its warehousing and distribution costs are lower than FBA. Self-built overseas warehouse is an enterprise's own overseas warehouse. It requires a lot of capital investment. The advantage is flexibility. The company can control the operation and management system by itself.
支付：Paypal transfers money by providing an email account, while Alipay and wechat pay by scanning codes. These two payment methods are very convenient and fast, do not require too many steps, you only need a mobile phone to buy anything, do not need cash and bank cards.
参考：来源：电子商务aps资料.rar／实训.docx（第 12–17 段）｜专业：电子商务｜课程：跨境电子商务
数据库原理与应用（APS 口述稿·中英）
核心内容
数据库原理与应用 Database principles and applications
The course is divided into two parts, database and E-R graph. A database is a large collection of data. Its center of gravity is the database management system. The main function of database management system is data definition, data operation, data storage, database maintenance. Data sharing, independence and system flexibility are its feature. The advantage is to control data redundancy, ensure data consistency, and improve data sharing. The database is controlled by code. An E-R graph is a model graph. Figures are divided into rectangular boxes, diamond boxes, oval boxes and lines. Composition is divided into entities, attributes and connections. There are three types of connections: one-to-one, one-to-many and many-to-many. The diagram first identifies all the entities, selects the attributes of the entities, then determines the connections between the entities and the keywords of the entities, and then determines the types of connections.
功能：Defining data is determining which code type the data belongs to, such as int, char. Data operation is used to classify data.Database maintenance is to check the system for errors and data leaks.
什么是数据冗余和数据一致性：Data redundancy refers to the repetition of a piece of data in multiple tables. Data consistency means that multiple users access a database and use the same data at the same time
E-R图成分：The rectangular box represents the entity. The diamond box represents the connection, the oval box represents the attribute, and the line between the entity and the attribute is connected with a straight line, and the type of connection is written on the line
实体，属性，联系：An entity is a person or a thing, but it can also be a concept. Attributes are properties that entities have. Connections reflect associations between entities
参考：来源：电子商务aps资料.rar／实训.docx（第 18–23 段）｜专业：电子商务｜课程：数据库原理与应用
电子商务概论（APS 口述稿·中英）
核心内容
电商概论 Introduction to e-commerce
The course is divided into two parts: e-commerce and logistics. The important technologies of e-commerce include Internet and Web technology, database, security technology, financial payment technology and logistics. No regional restrictions, virtual and real combination, global market are its feature. Its models are B2C,B2B,C2C,C2B and O2O. It has time and space advantages, speed advantages, low cost and personalization. The logistics mode mainly includes self - operation, third - party logistics and logistics alliance. Logistics steps include preparation, storage, sorting and distribution of goods, transportation. Logistics also has supply chains, which are made up of suppliers, manufacturers, enterprises and consumers. Supply chain management focuses on planning, purchasing, manufacturing, distribution and returns.
互联网：LAN、MAN(metropolitan area network)、WAN
Web：HTML language、Java、Applets、CSS
安全：Digital Certificate（数字证书）
B2B: Amazon B2B: Alibaba C2C: Taobao C2B: Priceline O2O: Meituan
支付技术：Alipay, Wechat pay, Paypal
物流：自营：JingDong self-run 第三方：China Shipping Group
联盟：Yunda Express
参考：来源：电子商务aps资料.rar／实训.docx（第 24–32 段）｜专业：电子商务｜课程：电子商务概论
电子商务案例分析（APS 口述稿·中英）
核心内容
电商案例分析 Case study of E-commerce
The trading platform takes Taobao as an example. Taobao, the largest online retailer in the Asia-Pacific region, is a popular online shopping platform in China. The main operating modes are B2C and C2C. C2C mode is the most typical business model of Taobao. The advantage of Taobao is that the cost of operation is very low, no entity is needed, the speed of building shops is very fast, the transaction is convenient and fast, and no limit. However, due to the low cost of opening stores, there are some quality problems of the sellers. Taobao also has the problem that the evaluation system is not perfect and the increasing cost leads to the difficulties of small sellers. However, relying on the support of national policies and developed online shopping environment, Taobao has great opportunities for development.
The payment platform takes Alipay as an example. It founded in 2004. Alipay is the most popular third-party platform in China. It makes money from service commissions, advertising and financial services. Alipay's advantages are large market share, a variety of products and services, and loan services. The disadvantage is that a large number of users do not know how to open the function, and there is information leakage in online transaction. Alipay's new short video function is an opportunity to drive more traffic. However, limited by market, the number of new users is short, and it is easy to lead to loss of wealth when trading.
产品服务：Ant Credit Pay（花呗）、online car-hailing
参考：来源：电子商务aps资料.rar／实训.docx（第 33–36 段）｜专业：电子商务｜课程：电子商务案例分析
IT项目管理（APS 口述稿·中英）
核心内容
IT项目管理 IT Project Management
Project management has set up a special organization management, set up full-time management personnel, set up the project director of these three forms. IT projects are divided into four life cycle stages: identification, design, implementation and assessment. The life cycle is divided into waterfall model and prototype model. The steps of IT project management include managing cost motivation, project costing, tracking costs and monitoring. The cost is divided into human resource cost, management cost, asset cost, project special cost.
瀑布模型：Pincode（app） 螺旋模型：the culture model of Lenovo
人力资源成本：project member salary 管理费用：rent、machine cost
资产成本：computer、internet access 特殊费用：travel charge
参考：来源：电子商务aps资料.rar／实训.docx（第 37–41 段）｜专业：电子商务｜课程：IT项目管理
电子商务安全与支付（APS 口述稿·中英）
核心内容
电子商务安全与支付 Electronic commerce security and payment
Security technology is mainly divided into e-commerce, network communication and electronic payment. Electronic commerce security technology includes encryption technology, authentication technology, secure electronic transaction and hacker prevention technology. Network communication security technology is divided into firewall technology and virtual private network. Electronic payment security technology is electronic payment protocol.
电商安全技术
加密技术：SSL3.0,communicate with secret keys
安全电子交易协议：digital certificate（数字证书）
黑客防范技术：firewall technology
网络通信安全技术
防火墙技术作用：more secure, limit user access, network address translation
虚拟专用网络：IPSec VPN
常用电子支付工具：mobile payment：take a bus or charge of water and electricity; online payment: Wechat, Alipay; electronic check; card-based payment: ATM, POS
参考：来源：电子商务aps资料.rar／实训.docx（第 42–51 段）｜专业：电子商务｜课程：电子商务安全与支付
电子商务网站建设（APS 口述稿·中英）
核心内容
电子商务网站建设 e-commerce website building
Website construction first apply for the domain name and space, then locate the website and analyze the website function and demand, then design the website style, make the website code, test the website, and then improve the information and promote maintenance. Site layout is mainly resolution, reasonable advertising and space useage. Website design principles are easy to use, functional and practical, rich content, protect customer information, fast opening speed and high website quality.
域名：for locating computer 空间：store website files and information
定位网站：determine who, what and how to serve
风格设计：including color, fonts, layout, content, interactivity, etc
代码制作：HTML, ASP, PHP
测试：Tests include connection speed, how many users are allowed online at the same time, system error recovery ability, user information security, firewall, and whether the function is perfect
推广：there are many kinds of promotion, such as online media, Baidu, forms.
维护：maintenance is mainly about code(error checking, new web styles), database(regular backups) and serves(check virus) as well as regular updates to the site content, collection site data and optimize site layout.
参考：来源：电子商务aps资料.rar／实训.docx（第 52–60 段）｜专业：电子商务｜课程：电子商务网站建设