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财务报表分析

专业:金融 | 课程:财务报表分析

核心内容
APS文稿--财务报表分析Financial Statement Analyse
Financial statement analysis is a method involving specific techniques to evaluate risks, performance, financial health and future prospects of an organization.
财务报表分析是审查和分析公司财务报表以做出更好的经济决策的过程。这些报表包括损益表、资产负债表、现金流量表和权益变动表。财务报表分析是一种涉及特定技术的方法,用于评估组织的风险、绩效、财务状况和未来前景。大家可以从这个方向下手:学习了如何分析资产负债表、利润表、现金流量表以及如何分析财务效率。
在这门科目中比较重要的一部分就是分析财务报表的方法。需要能简单的说明。比如:横向分析和纵向分析。横向分析比较一段时间内的财务信息,通常来自过去的季度或年份。纵向分析是对财务报表的百分比分析。财务报表中列出的每一行项目都以另一行项目的百分比列出。There are two methods to analyze the balance sheet, horizontal analysis and vertical analysis. Horizontal analysis compares financial information over time, usually from past quarters or years. Vertical analysis is a percentage analysis of financial statements. Each line item listed in the financial statements is listed as a percentage of the other line item.
Balance sheet资产负债表
资产负债表是这个科目中最核心的内容,审核时候的重点,当然笔试中也可能大机率的出现。
是以“资产=负债+所有者权益”为平衡关系编制的报表,反映企业的财务状况。
It is a statement prepared with "assets=liabilities+owner's equity" as the balance relationship, reflecting the financial status of the enterprise.
在资产负债表中里面有一些常见的表内数据需要能够罗列出一些,并且能够解释。
比如:
Asset:
流动
·货币资金 Monetary Capital
·应收账款 Account receivable
·存货inventories
非流动
·长期股权投资 long term equity investment
·固定资产 fixed asset
Liability:
·短期借款 Short Term borrowing
·应付账款 Accounts payable
Ownership interest:
·实收资本 Paid in Capital
·资本公积Capital Reserve
利润表Profit Statement
利润表是反映企业在一定时期经营成果的会计报表。
Reveal the income and expense of the enterprise in a certain period(a month/a se

参考:来源:12 财务管理专业 -- 财务报表分析篇.docx|专业:金融|课程:财务报表分析

跨境电子商务(APS 备考导图)

专业:电子商务 | 课程:跨境电子商务

核心内容
【跨境电子商务数据分析】
 · 数据挖掘
  - 数据预处理:指对所收集数据进行分类或分组前所做的审核、筛选、排序等必要的处理
  - 模式发现:运用挖掘算法挖掘出有效的、新颖的、潜在的、有用的以及最终可以理解的信息和知识各种方法,进而发现隐藏的模式和规则
  - 模式分析:采用合适的技术和工具,对挖掘结果进行模式的分析,常用的技术手段有:关联规则、分类、聚类、序列模式等
 · 数据可视化分析:旨在借助于图形化手段,清晰有效地传达与沟通信息
  - 几种常用工具
   · EXCEL:典型的入门级数据可视化工具,但是Excel在颜色、线条和样式上可选择的范围有限
   · Tableau:全球知名度很高的数据可视化工具,不仅可以制作图表、图形还可以绘制地图,既支持个人访问,也进行团队协作同步完成数据图表绘制
   · Echarts:提供直观、生动、可交互、可高度个性化定制的数据可视化图表

【跨境电子商务物流】
 · 概述:在电子商务环境下,依靠互联网、大数据、信息化与计算机等先进技术,物品从跨境电商企业流向跨境消费者的跨越不同国家或地区的物流活动
 · 分类
  - 直邮
   · 邮政小包:主要通过万国邮政联盟(EMS)来邮寄包裹,邮政小包物流价格低廉,因此处理优先级别低,再加上成本的因素,使得邮政小包的时效相对较慢。邮政小包一般适用于重量较轻、体积较小、货值低的商品配送,清关便利,派送范围广泛
   · 国际快递:一般指DHL/UPS/FedEx(含TNT)三家国际快递巨头利用自身建设的全球网络提供的国际快递服务。价格昂贵,因此处理优先级别高,直飞比率高,时效快,一般适用于重量段20kg左右、对时效要求苛刻、货值高的商品配送
   · 跨境专线:指货品到某一特定国家或地区的货量带来的规模效应,可以令其在两国之间开设专门的物流航班,专线物流公司接受托运方的委托,从国内运送至国外的一种仓到仓的跨境物流服务
  - 海外仓:指提前将商品运输至目的地国内的仓库,待消费者下单后,商品直接从目的地仓库出货送至消费者手中
   · FBA海外仓:亚马逊上的卖家把产品送到当地的亚马逊仓库中,由亚马逊提供仓储等服务
   · 第三方海外仓:由物流服务商提供仓储服务并进行管理
   · 自建海外仓:由卖家建立自己的海外仓并自行管理

【跨境电子商务支付】
 · 概述:指两个或两个以上的国家或地区之间因国际贸易、国际投资等原因引起的国际间债权债务借助一定的结算工具和支付系统实现资金的跨国和跨地区转移的经济行为
 · 常见的支付模式
  - 贝宝(PayPal):全球知名的跨境电子商务支付与结算工具,它在使用电子邮件标识身份的用户之间转移资金,避免了传统的邮寄支票或者汇款的方法,PayPal收取一定数额的手续费
  - 支付宝(Alipay):无论是境内消费者在境外消费,还是在境外跨境电子商务平台上购物,都可以通过支付宝付款,非常方便快捷
  - 微信(Wechat Pay):微信支付早已开放了跨境电子商务支付功能,目前微信电子商务支付业务已经覆盖了东南亚、欧美、西亚、大洋洲的20多个国家和地区
  - 西联汇款(Western Union):是世界上领先的特快汇款公司,代理网点遍布全球近200个国家和地区,可以在全球大多数国家的西联代理所在地汇出和提款。西联手续费由买家承担

参考:来源:电子商务aps资料.rar/跨境电子商务.txt|专业:电子商务|课程:跨境电子商务

计量经济学

专业:金融 | 课程:计量经济学

核心内容
APS文稿之计量经济学Econometrics
计量经济学这门课程对于大多数人来说都是比较难的一门课程,并且里面包含很多复杂的数学公式,所以复习和整合起来就是比较头大的事情。但是,好在这门课程在审核过程中算不上高频出现的科目,即使被问到也只是对框架性内容进行概括性说明,并且能对2-3个知识点熟知就足以。这也让需要准备这科的学员们松了一口气。
这篇文稿,我们从三个方面来说明这个课程,当然有的同学喜欢讲一元线性回归的知识点,也是完完全全没有任何问题的。 大家可以根据自己更熟悉的知识点下手,因为我们说,这个科目只要是细节知识点有2-3就足以。
一、Model Building构建模型
What’s Econometrics?
Econometrics applies mathematics, statistical methods and computer science to economic data. By building up some models,econometrics explain some economics phenomena in quantitative analysis.
计量经济学econometrics 是以数理经济学和数理统计学为方法论基础,对于经济问题用理论上的数量接近和经验上的数量接近 进行综合产生的经济学分支。
主要是定量分析。将各种研究量汇总计算,建立模型,画在表中的分析。
如何建立计量经济模型,用stata软件进行了实践
First, the variables we want to study must have a certain causal effect, such as the relationship between learning time and academic performance.
首先先把我们想研究的变量必须有一定的因果关系(casual effect),比如研究学习时间和学习成绩的关系。
Then we can build the model:这是一个简单回归模型Simple regression model
Y=β0+β1X+μ
Y which is called the dependent variable or explained variable. We want to explain it as a result
For example ,the grade of a class of student
X refers to independent variable ,it is our explanatory variable ,it can be seen as a reason.
We’ve also have other control variable ,as our previous example,what can also determine the school performance maybe the time of playing electronic devices or students home environment .
μ refers to random error term and interference term, which means that we have not considered or are difficult to observe other factors that can affect other th

参考:来源:2 金融相关专业 --- 计量经济学篇.docx|专业:金融|课程:计量经济学

面向对象程序设计(APS 备考导图)

专业:电子商务 | 课程:面向对象程序设计

核心内容
【面向对象程序设计概述】
 · 特点
  - 封装性:指将一个计算机系统中的数据以及与这个数据相关的一切操作语言(即描述每一个对象的属性以及其行为的程序代码)组装到一起,一并封装在一个有机的实体中
  - 继承性:指一个对象针对于另一个对象的某些独有的特点、能力进行复制或者延续
  - 多态性:指在面向对象技术中,当不同的多个对象同时接收到同一个完全相同的消息之后,所表现出来的动作是各不相同的,具有多种形态
 · 名词解释
  - 对象(Object):可以对其做事情的一些东西
   · 一个对象有三种属性
    - 状态
    - 行为
    - 标识
  - 类(class):一个共享相同结构和行为的对象的集合
  - 封装(encapsulation)
   · 将数据和操作捆绑在一起,创造出一个新的类型的过程
   · 将接口与实现分离的过程
  - 继承:描述了类之间的“是一种”关系。子类可以对基类的行为进行扩展、覆盖、重定义
  - 组合:既是类之间的关系也是对象之间的关系。在这种关系中一个对象或者类包含了其他的对象和类
 · 设计优点
  - 更方便地扩展现有代码,提高编码效率,也减低了出错概率,降低软件维护的难度
  - 减少软件开发过程中中间环节的转换过程
  - 在一定程度上更便于控制软件复杂度
 · 设计缺陷
  - 运行效率较低
  - 类库庞大
  - 类库可靠性

【面向对象程序设计语言】
 · C++:C++语言是一种面向对象的强类型语言。C++语言是c语言的一个向上兼容的扩充,而不是一种新语言。C++是一种支持多范型的程序设计语言,它既支持面向对象的程序设计,也支持面向过程的程序设计。C++支持基本的面向对象概念:对象、类、方法、消息、子类和继承
 · Java:Java语言起源于Oak语言,Java把类的概念和接口的概念区分开,并试图通过只允许接口的多继承来克服多继承的危险,Java中关于面向对象概念的术语有对象、类、方法、实例、变量、消息、子类和继承
 · 面向对象语言的优点
  - 一致的表示方法
  - 可重用性
  - 可维护性

【C++语言基础】
 · 基本类型
  - 整型
   · 整数常量:是不带小数的数值,用来表示正负数
    - 十进制整数:是由不以0开头的0~9的数字组成的数据 例如:0,63,83是十进制数
    - 八进制整数:是由以0开头的0~7的数字组成的数据 例如:00,077,0123是八进制数
    - 十六进制整数:是由以0x或0X开头的0~9的数字及A~F的字母(大小写字母均可)组成的数据 例如:0x0,0X0,0x53是十六进制数
   · 整型变量类型
    - short类型说明一个带符号的16位整型变量 例如:1000,-20000
    - int类型说明一个带符号的32位整型变量 例如:1500,-300
   · 浮点型
    - 浮点数常量:是带有小数的十进制数 例如:3.14159,0.567
    - 浮点变量类型:用于需要精确到小数的函数运算中
     · float类型:是一个位数为32位的单精度浮点数 例如:234.5f
     · double类型:是一个位数为64的双精度浮点数 例如:7D
   · 字符型
    - 字符型常量是指由单引号括起来的单个字符 例如:‘a’,‘A’
    - 字符型变量的类型说明符为char,它在机器中占8位,其范围为0~255 例如:23,49
   · 算术运算符
    - +(加)
    - -(减或负号)
    - *(乘)
    - /(除)
    - “%”是取余运算,只能用于整型操作数
   · 语句
    - 转向语句
     · break语句:执行 break 语句会退出当前循环或语句
     · continue语句:表示结束本次循环,进行下一次循环,而不终止整个循环的执行
    - 循环控制语句
     · while语句:当条件满足时进入,重复执行循环体,直到条件不满足时退出
     · for语句:当循环变量在指定范围内变化时,重复执行循环体,直到循环变量超出了指定的范围时退出

参考:来源:电子商务aps资料.rar/面向对象程序设计.txt|专业:电子商务|课程:面向对象程序设计

宏观经济学

专业:金融 | 课程:宏观经济学

核心内容
APS文稿 --- 宏观经济学Macroeconomic
Macroeconomics is a branch of economics dealing with performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole.So the Macroeconomics mainly focuses on the whole national economy and how the national government impose some policy to effect the development of economy.
一、How to measure GDP&GNP&CPI.
(一)国民总收入的衡量
GDP (gross domestic product).
What: A monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced in a period of time in a fixed country, often annually.
How: the sum of consumption, investment, government spending and net exports (X – M).
Function: Y = C + I + G + NX.
C refers to consumption I refers to investment G refers to government purchase NX refers to net export(export minus import)
GNP (gross national product).
What: Gross national product (GNP) is an estimate of total value of all the final products and services turned out in a given period by the means of production owned by a country's residents.
How:
GNP is equal to GDP plus any income earned by residents from overseas investments, and minus income earned within the domestic by residents of other country..
For example,The value of the products created by a German company, which is located in china, should be introduced in china’s GDP while German’s GNP,but not in Chinese GNP
GDP VS. GNP.
What:
GDP defines production based on the geographical location of production.
GNP indicates the production based on location of ownership.
Which is bet

参考:来源:3 金融相关专业--宏观经济学篇.docx|专业:金融|课程:宏观经济学

物流管理实训(APS 口述稿·中英)

专业:电子商务 | 课程:物流管理实训

核心内容
物流管理实训主要是通过模拟物流管理的过程来实践整体的物流操作系统。老师会给学生注册账号,然后首先要建构公司的基础设施,录入人员信息,基础设施包括仓储,运输,邮寄以及成本管理。仓储包括仓库管理和分类,仓管人员的管理;运输包括航运,陆运,水运等,以及寄件的价格设定,第三方物流公司的信息录入;成本管理包括所有的公司管理及人员招募成本。重点是是邮寄这块,第三方公司的选择很复杂,包括影响力,距离成本等,需要和同学讨论完成。老师会从仓库布局,运输方法是否合理,邮寄是否符合市场水平,成本是否能使公司运作来计分。

Practical training of logistics management is mainly through simulating the process of logistics management to practice the whole logistics operating system. The teacher will give the students an account, and then first set up the company's information, input personnel information, including warehousing, shipping, mailing and cost management. Warehousing includes warehouse management and classification, warehouse management personnel management; Transportation includes shipping, land transportation, water transportation and so on. As well as the price setting of the delivery, information entry of third-party logistics companies; Cost management includes all company management and personnel recruitment costs. The focus is on mailing. The choice of third-party companies is very complicated, including influence, distance cost, etc., which needs to be discussed with classmates. The teacher will score points based on the layout of the warehouse, whether the transportation method is reasonable, whether the mailing is in line with the market level, and whether the cost can make the company operate.

参考:来源:电子商务aps资料.rar/实训.docx(第 0–1 段)|专业:电子商务|课程:物流管理实训

国际金融 International Finance

专业:金融 | 课程:国际金融 International Finance

核心内容
APS 金融专业 ---- 国际金融篇
说到国际金融,几乎是必须准备的科目里的最重要的一科。 我们一起来看看国际金融需要准备的内容有什么。
国际金融主要可以从三个大板块入手(这三个板块是必不可少的):国际收支平衡(Balance of Payment),汇率(exchange rate), 国际货币体系(International Monetary System) 。
第一部分:国际收支平衡 Balance of Payment
首先肯定要了解国际收支平衡的定义;components of BOP及其定义, 包括它的公式。这里面比较重要的是金融账户, 要能说出直接投资、证券投资和金融衍生品的定义并举出详细例子。比如之前有学生审核遇到过这样的问题: 请你说出金融衍生工具?
BOP 部分中相当重要的部分是国际失衡(imbalance of BOP), 能够说出失衡的原因,并且了解如何进行调节, 对弹性论的调节方法要能说出很详细的内容,如何使用这种方法去应对国际收支失衡。
第二部分: 汇率 exchange rate
首先一个重要知识点一定是影响汇率的因素。 除了能说出这些因素的名称,还需要对如何影响的这个过程进行口述。 比如:请问如果国际储备增加,那么汇率会发生什么样的变化? 为啥你会说有这样的变化,请你对整个过程进行解释。这个部分对于通货膨胀,通货紧缩对汇率的影响也是高频背提问的重点。
其次汇率的影响,这个位置需要对基本知识的掌握就可以,要能说出这几项内容。接下来就是比较重要的板块,关于汇率制度。固定汇率和浮动汇率,当然对于定义的掌握只是最基本的操作。 针对这个位置我们的学生还曾经被问到一些更深层次的内容。 比如:中国实施的是固定汇率还是浮动汇率? 美国实施的是固定汇率还是浮动汇率? 当然,这个的正确答案是“红灭”审核官给出的, 中国采取的固定汇率和浮动汇率相结合的汇率制度。那么会继续提问,请问: “中国是如何利用两种汇率相结合的汇率政策来发展中国经济的?” 。所以对于这种深层次的问题,学生还是需要提前做一些准备。 包括有两种汇率制度的优缺点分析。 也要熟知蒙代尔模型,以防被问到与效率分析相关的问题。
第三部分:国际货币体系 International Monetary System
这个部分主要是需要掌握布雷顿森林体系。要能讲的比较详细。
国际金融这科是比较重要的科目,也是必会科目。 不光学生对书本上的重点内容了如指掌,还需要结合现在当下的各种政策,制度等延伸性的知识内容进行了解和备考。
附整体思维导图:

参考:来源:4 金融专业-国际金融篇(International Finance.docx|专业:金融|课程:国际金融 International Finance

ERP管理与应用实训(APS 口述稿·中英)

专业:电子商务 | 课程:ERP管理与应用实训

核心内容
ERP管理与应用实训是对一个公司的采购,库存,订单及财务的管理,是通过虚拟系统进行模拟。首先录入相关的员工信息,例如姓名,性别,职位等,接着是订单管理,会录入客户订单从而产生生产订单及订单需求计划和采购计划。接着是采购,要录入采购订单并产生进货单,应付凭单和付款单,然后是库存管理,如果库存不足就会产生新的采购单。最后是财务,计算成本,存货,进行结账,生成财务报表。

ERP management and application training is the management of purchasing, inventory, order and finance of a company, which is simulated by virtual system. First of all, relevant employee information, such as name, gender, position, etc., is entered, followed by order management, which will input customer orders to produce production orders, order demand plans and purchase plans. This is followed by purchasing, which involves entering purchase orders and generating purchase orders, vouchers payable and payment orders, and then inventory management, which generates new purchase orders if inventory is insufficient. Finally, finance, accounting for costs, inventory, closing, generating financial statements.

参考:来源:电子商务aps资料.rar/实训.docx(第 2–3 段)|专业:电子商务|课程:ERP管理与应用实训

国际金融(思维导图) · 4

专业:金融 | 课程:国际金融(思维导图)

核心内容
· International Finance(国际金融)总纲
 · 中心主题:International finance(国际金融)
 · 五大分支:Foreign exchange(外汇)、Exchange rate(汇率)、Balance of payment(国际收支)、Monetary policy(货币政策)、Activities(活动/作业)

· ① Foreign exchange(外汇)
 · 需补充:外汇 definition(定义)
 · 需补充:外汇市场 definition(定义)
 · 考点:What factors can influence the changes of foreign exchange rate(哪些因素会影响汇率变动)
 · 考点:投机/套利(speculation/arbitrage)

· ② Exchange rate(汇率)
 · 需补充:影响因素
 · 关键概念:资本流动(capital flow)
 · 关键概念:cash flow(现金流)
 · 关键概念:capital flow(资本流动)

· ③ Balance of payment(国际收支,BOP)
 · 考点:What is the formula for balance of payments(国际收支的公式是什么)
  · 公式:current account + CA + FA + BI = 0
   · current account(经常账户)
   · CA(经常账户,Current Account)
   · FA(金融账户,Financial Account)
   · BI(官方储备/平衡项,Balancing Item)
 · 考点:how to analyze BOP account(如何分析国际收支账户)
 · 考点:Disequilibrium(失衡)
 · 考点:布雷顿森林体系(Bretton Woods System)

· ④ Monetary policy(货币政策)
 · 需补充:monetary policy definition(货币政策定义)
 · 需补充:purpose of monetary policies(货币政策的目的)

· ⑤ Activities(活动/作业)
 · 课程配套活动/作业(具体内容未在资料中展开)

参考:来源:4.jpg|专业:金融|课程:国际金融(思维导图)

网络营销基础与实践综合实训(APS 口述稿·中英)

专业:电子商务 | 课程:网络营销基础与实践综合实训

核心内容
网络营销基础与实践综合实训是自己在淘宝网上开一家网店用来练习,首先要进行店铺的基础设计,手机和电脑端都需要设计,包括页面,货品的展示,关键字搜索等等,接着是发布产品信息,填写产品的基本信息例如型号,材质,颜色等等。然后是参加淘宝的商家活动及促销方法,例如广告,打折等。最后是同学间相互练习买卖过程以及售后服务等。其中比较重要的是产品详情页,这就需要关注产品的变化,以及练习中还遇到过真正的淘宝客户订单,就需要跟客户进行交流说明情况,让客户退款。

Comprehensive practical training on the basis and practice of Internet marketing is to open an online store on Taobao for practice. The first step is to carry out the basic design of the store, including the design of the mobile phone and computer, including the page, product display, keyword search and so on. The second step is to release product information and fill in the basic information of the product, such as model, material, color and so on. The third is to participate in Taobao trader activities and promotion methods, such as advertising, discount and so on. Finally, students practice the trading process and after-sales service among each other. One of the more important is the product details page, which needs to pay attention to the changes of the product, as well as the practice also face real Taobao customer orders, you need to communicate with customers to explain the situation, let customers refund.

参考:来源:电子商务aps资料.rar/实训.docx(第 4–5 段)|专业:电子商务|课程:网络营销基础与实践综合实训

电子商务管理实务(APS 口述稿·中英)

专业:电子商务 | 课程:电子商务管理实务

核心内容
电子商务管理实务 E-commerce management practice

This course is mainly divided into two parts. The first part is about the overview of e-commerce. The second part is the overview of network marketing.The first part is about the model of e-commerce, which mainly includes B2C,B2B and C2C. B2C platform Taobao, Jingdong; B2B platform has Alibaba; The C2C platform has Tmall. Its characteristics are universality, convenience, integrity and safety. Functions include advertising, consultation, online ordering and online payment. The second part is the overview of network marketing, search engine marketing, search engine optimization, email marketing, wechat marketing. The main advantage is wide spread, unrestricted; Lower cost, more targeted.

参考:来源:电子商务aps资料.rar/实训.docx(第 6–7 段)|专业:电子商务|课程:电子商务管理实务

大型数据系统(APS 口述稿·中英)

专业:电子商务 | 课程:大型数据系统

核心内容
大型数据系统 Large database system

This course focuses on several common data systems and their characteristics, functions, and applications. Common data systems are Oracle, MySQL, and SQL Server. I mainly learn sqlserver, a relational database system, can protect data information, data encryption. The characteristics of the data system are scale, high speed and value. Functions have multiple data source acquisition, data processing and analysis and storage data. The application of data system is mainly used in manufacturing industry for process analysis; E-commerce industry to analyze consumer preferences; Used by the energy industry to improve system.

参考:来源:电子商务aps资料.rar/实训.docx(第 8–9 段)|专业:电子商务|课程:大型数据系统

市场调查与预测(APS 口述稿·中英)

专业:电子商务 | 课程:市场调查与预测

核心内容
市场调查与预测 Market research and prediction

This course covers market research and forecasting procedures, survey data collection methods and sampling techniques and forecasting methods. The steps of market research include: determine the problem, determine the data, determine the data collection method, sampling design, data collection, data analysis, survey report. Collection methods include observation method, experiment method and questionnaire method. Sampling techniques include simple random sampling and stratified random sampling. The steps of market forecasting include: target determination, data collection, method selection, calculation and analysis, result judgment and prediction correction. Forecasting methods have expert opinion method, this method is the company hired experts to forecast the market; Market test marketing is to put an improved product on the market and collect relevant data.

参考:来源:电子商务aps资料.rar/实训.docx(第 10–11 段)|专业:电子商务|课程:市场调查与预测

跨境电子商务(APS 口述稿·中英)

专业:电子商务 | 课程:跨境电子商务

核心内容
跨境电子商务 Cross-border e-commerce

This course covers data analysis, cross-border logistics and payment models. Common tools for data analysis include Excel, Tableau and Echarts, which can display data in visual charts. Logistics is mainly divided into direct mail and overseas warehouse, direct mail is divided into small postal parcels; International express,cross-border special line. Overseas warehouse is divided into FBA overseas warehouse, third-party overseas warehouse, self-built overseas warehouse. Common payment modes include Paypal, the world's famous payment settlement tools, Alipay, wechat Pay.

可视化图表:There are many types of visual charts, the most common being pie charts, bar graphs and bar charts. Pie charts highlight the proportion, bar graphs highlight the contrast, and bar charts are suitable for smaller data analysis

直邮各特点:small postal parcels, mainly through EMS, suitable for light weight and small volume parcels; International express, through the three international express companies, suitable for high time, valuable goods;cross-border special line, refers to the domestic to foreign direct flight service.

海外仓:FBA overseas warehouse,namely Amazon logistics service, means that Amazon opens the platform to third-party sellers to provide them with sorting, packaging and delivery services, and Amazon charges service fees. Third-party overseas warehouse, which is provided by logistics service providers.Its common service modes include one piece consignment, FBA transfer, return and exchange. Its warehousing and distribution costs are lower than FBA. Self-built overseas warehouse is an enterprise's own overseas warehouse. It requires a lot of capital investment. The advantage is flexibility. The company can control the operation and management system by itself.

支付:Paypal transfers money by providing an email account, while Alipay and wechat pay by scanning codes. These two payment methods are very convenient and fast, do not require too many steps, you only need a mobile phone to buy anything, do not need cash and bank cards.

参考:来源:电子商务aps资料.rar/实训.docx(第 12–17 段)|专业:电子商务|课程:跨境电子商务

数据库原理与应用(APS 口述稿·中英)

专业:电子商务 | 课程:数据库原理与应用

核心内容
数据库原理与应用 Database principles and applications

The course is divided into two parts, database and E-R graph. A database is a large collection of data. Its center of gravity is the database management system. The main function of database management system is data definition, data operation, data storage, database maintenance. Data sharing, independence and system flexibility are its feature. The advantage is to control data redundancy, ensure data consistency, and improve data sharing. The database is controlled by code. An E-R graph is a model graph. Figures are divided into rectangular boxes, diamond boxes, oval boxes and lines. Composition is divided into entities, attributes and connections. There are three types of connections: one-to-one, one-to-many and many-to-many. The diagram first identifies all the entities, selects the attributes of the entities, then determines the connections between the entities and the keywords of the entities, and then determines the types of connections.

功能:Defining data is determining which code type the data belongs to, such as int, char. Data operation is used to classify data.Database maintenance is to check the system for errors and data leaks.

什么是数据冗余和数据一致性:Data redundancy refers to the repetition of a piece of data in multiple tables. Data consistency means that multiple users access a database and use the same data at the same time

E-R图成分:The rectangular box represents the entity. The diamond box represents the connection, the oval box represents the attribute, and the line between the entity and the attribute is connected with a straight line, and the type of connection is written on the line

实体,属性,联系:An entity is a person or a thing, but it can also be a concept. Attributes are properties that entities have. Connections reflect associations between entities

参考:来源:电子商务aps资料.rar/实训.docx(第 18–23 段)|专业:电子商务|课程:数据库原理与应用

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